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Psyc 200 > Modules 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Modules 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Explore the associations between body, mind, and behavior

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2
Q

CNS

A

Central Nervous System

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3
Q

Peripheral - Autonomic

A

controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

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4
Q

Peripheral - Somatic

A

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

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5
Q

Peripheral - Autonomic - Sympathetic

A

arousing, aka fight or flight

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6
Q

Peripheral - Autonomic - Parasympathetic

A

calming, aka rest and digest

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7
Q

Cell body

A

the cell’s life-support center

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8
Q

Dendrites

A

receive messages from other cells

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9
Q

Axon

A

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

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10
Q

Terminal Branches of Axon

A

form junctions with other cells

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11
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

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12
Q

Neural impulse

A

action potential, electrical signal traveling down the axon

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13
Q

Action potential

A

A neural impulse that travels down an axon like a wave; made up of ION exchanges moving in and out

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14
Q

Sodium (NA+)

A

enters

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15
Q

Potassium (K+)

A

exits

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16
Q

The direction of neural impulse

A

towards axon terminals

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17
Q

When does the cell send the action potential?

A

When it reaches a threshold

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18
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

The neuron receives signals from other neurons

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19
Q

When the threshold is reached..

A

The action potential starts moving

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20
Q

Threshold is reached when..

A

excitatory (FIRE) signals outweigh the inhibitory (don’t fire)

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21
Q

Synapse

A

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

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22
Q

The synapse is also known as..

A

The synaptic junction or synaptic gap

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23
Q

Serotonin

A

affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

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24
Q

Undersupply of serotonin is linked to..

A

Depression

25
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

26
Q

Oversupply of dopamine is linked to..

A

Schizophrenia

27
Q

Undersupply of dopamine is linked to..

A

Tremors, decreased mobility in Parkinson’s disease, and ADHD

28
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory

29
Q

ACh neurons deteriorate..

A

As Alzheimers progress

30
Q

Norepinephrine

A

helps control alertness and arousal

31
Q

Undersupply of Norepinephrine is linked to..

A

depressed mood and ADHD-like attention problems

32
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

major inhibitory transmitter

33
Q

Undersupply of GABA is linked to..

A

seizures, tremors, and insomnia

34
Q

EEG (electroencephalogram)

A

measures brain waves; useful in studying seizures and sleep

35
Q

PET (positron emission tomography)

A

measures activity and function

36
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

looks at structure only

37
Q

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

A

gives us both function and structure; gives information about brain structure and activity

38
Q

Medulla (middle)

A

Controls the most basic functions (heartbeat and breathing)

39
Q

Thalamus

A

All sensory messages except for smell are routed through the thalamus on the way to the cortex

40
Q

“Sensory Switchboard” or “Gateway to the Cortex” or “Router”

A

Thalamus

41
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Nerve network in the brainstem that enables alertness (arousal)

42
Q

“Net-like”

A

Reticular Formation

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

Helps coordinate voluntary movement such as playing a sport

44
Q

“Little brain”

A

Cerebellum

45
Q

Functions of cerebellum include:

A

nonverbal learning, implicit memory, judge time, modulate emotions, integrate multiple sources of sensory input

46
Q

The limbic system coordinates:

A
  • emotional center (fear and aggression)
  • basic drives such as hunger and sex
  • the formation of episodic memories (memory linked with time)
47
Q

Hippocampus

A

processes conscious, episodic memories and works with amygdala to form emotionally charged memories

48
Q

“Seahorses”

A

Hippocampus

49
Q

Amygdala

A

Helps process emotions, especially fear and aggression; consists of two lima bean-sized neural clusters

50
Q

“Almond”

A

Amygdala

51
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates body temperature, ensures adequate food and water intake (homeostasis), and is involved in sex drive

52
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

53
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Include the sensory cortex

54
Q

Occipital lobes (back)

A

Include the visual areas; they receive visual information from the opposite visual field

55
Q

Temporal lobes (sides)

A

Include the auditory processing areas

56
Q

Input:

A

Sensory cortex (left hemisphere section receives input from the body’s right side)

57
Q

Output:

A

Motor cortex (left hemisphere section controls the body’s right side)

58
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

A band of axons connecting the hemispheres

59
Q
A

Psyc 200 (6 decks)

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