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Psyc 200 > Modules 11, 12 and 13 > Flashcards

Modules 11, 12 and 13 Flashcards

1
Q

How our genetic inheritance interacts with experiences to influence our development

A

Nature and nurture

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2
Q

what parts of development are gradual and which are continuous

A

continuity and stages

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3
Q

Which traits persist through life and how do we change as we age?

A

Stability and change

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4
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Moral Development

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5
Q

Erik Erikson

A

Psychosocial development

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6
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Cognitive Development

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7
Q

examines physical, cognitive, and social development across the lifespan

A

Developmental Psychology

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8
Q

Research that compares people of different ages at same point in time

A

Cross-sectional Study

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9
Q

Research that follows and retests the same people over time

A

Longitudinal Study

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10
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg

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11
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human organism; 2 weeks after fertilization through second month

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12
Q

Fetus

A

Developing human organism; 9 weeks after conception to birth

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13
Q

Teratogens

A

Chemicals and viruses that can cause harm to embryo or fetus

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14
Q

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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15
Q

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimuli

A

Habituation

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16
Q

Experiencing world through senses: looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping (birth to nearly 2 years)

A

Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)

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17
Q

Representing things with words and images, using intuition rather than logic (2 to 6 or 7 years)

A

Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

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18
Q

Thinking logically about concrete events, performing arithmetical operations (7 to 11 years)

A

Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)

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19
Q

Reasoning abstractly (age 12 through adulthood)

A

Formal Operational Stage (Piaget)

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20
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

“Too hard”

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21
Q

Permissive parenting

A

“Too soft”

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22
Q

Neglectful parenting

A

“Ignorant”

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23
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

“Just right”

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24
Q

Biological growth processes that enable changes in behavior

A

Maturation

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25
Q

Optimal period in life when exposure to certain thing produces normal development

A

Critical period

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26
Q

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognition

27
Q

A mental mold we build to hold our experiences

A

Schema

28
Q

Interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

A

Assimilation

29
Q

Adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information

A

Accommodation

30
Q

Awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

A

Object permanence

31
Q

Quantity remains the same despite changes in shape

A

Conservation

32
Q

Difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

Egocentrism

33
Q

Framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

A

Scaffold

34
Q

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states (understanding another’s pov)

A

Theory of mind

35
Q

Fear of strangers infants display

A

Stranger anxiety

36
Q

Emotional tie with others

A

Attachment

37
Q

Formation of strong attachments in early life

A

Imprinting

38
Q

Person’s emotional reactivity and intensity

A

Temperament

39
Q

Sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy (Erik Erickson)

A

Basic Trust

40
Q

Obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards (before age 9)

A

Preconventional morality

41
Q

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order (early adolescence)

A

Conventional morality

42
Q

Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles (adolescence and beyond)

A

Postconventional morality

43
Q

Transitional period from childhood to adulthood

A

Adolescence

44
Q

Period of sexual maturation, when person becomes capable of reproducing

A

Puberty

45
Q

Our sense of self is our..

A

Identity

46
Q

Ability to form emotionally close relationships

A

Intimacy

47
Q

age 18 to mid 20s, no longer adolescent but haven’t achieved full independence

A

Emerging adulthood

48
Q

mild distress when mother leaves, seeking contact when she returns

A

secure attachment

49
Q

not exploring and loudly upset when mother leaves, remaining upset when she returns

A

Insecure attachment (anxious style)

50
Q

Seeming indifferent to mothers departure and return

A

Insecure attachment (avoidant style)

51
Q

Feeling that the world is predictable and trustworthy

A

Basic trust

52
Q

Raising children to be self-reliant, and developing a personal identity

A

Individualist cultures

53
Q

Parents maintain parenting control but might pay others to care for their children

A

Western cultures

54
Q

raising children to be interdependent and developing a family self

A

Collectivist cultures
(Asia and Africa)

55
Q

The idea that development is a lifelong process

A

Lifespan perspective

56
Q

Transition period from childhood to adulthood

A

Adolescence

57
Q

If needs are met, infants develop a sense of basic trust (infancy)

A

Trust vs mistrust

58
Q

Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities (toddlerhood)

A

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

59
Q

Preschoolers can initiate task and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent (preschool)

A

Initiative vs guilt

60
Q

Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior
(elementary school)

A

Competence vs inferiority

61
Q

Teenagers work to refine sense of self by testing roles and integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are (adolescence)

A

Identity vs role confusion

62
Q

Young adults form close relationships and gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated (young adulthood)

A

Intimacy vs isolation

63
Q

Middle-aged people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose
(middle adulthood)

A

Generativity vs stagnation

64
Q

Reflecting on their lives, older adults may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure (late adulthood)

A

Integrity vs despair

Psyc 200 (6 decks)

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