MODULE V: NUTRITION ACROSS LIFESPAN

Question 1

Human pregnancy lasts
for a period of

Answer 1

266 to 280 days (37-40 weeks

Question 2

A. Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation

Answer 2

Nutritional Objectives:
1. Ensure optimum nutrition before, during, and after
pregnancy and during lactation
2. Provide adequate nutrition to meet increased
maternal and fetal nutrients demands.

Question 3

consists of 3 trimesters which correspond to the three
main phases:

Answer 3

implantation, organogenesis, and growth.

Question 4

Dietary guideline during pregnancy and lactation

A daily increase calories

second trimester

Answer 4

340 calories

Question 5

Dietary guideline during pregnancy and lactation

A daily increase calories

third trimester

Answer 5

452 calories

Question 6

MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN

FETUS
UTERUS
PLACENTA
AMNIOTIC FLUID
BLOOD VOLUME
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
ACCRETION

BREAST TISSUE
FAT
TOTAL

Answer 6

MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN
TISSUE WEIGHT
(POUNDS)
FETUS 7.5
UTERUS 2.0
PLACENTA 1.5
AMNIOTIC FLUID 2.0
BLOOD VOLUME 3.0
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
ACCRETION
2.0
BREAST TISSUE 1.0
FAT 9.0
TOTAL 28.0

Question 7

Recommended weight during first trimester is

Answer 7

1
to 4 lb

Question 8

Recommended weight gain is___ lb per
month during the second and third trimesters.

Answer 8

2 to 4

Question 9

Underweig
ht
BMI < 18.5

Answer 9

28-40
lbs

Question 10

Normal
Weight
BMI 18.5- 24.9

Answer 10

25-35
lbs

Question 11

Overweigh
t
BMI 25.0- 29.9

Answer 11

15-25
lbs

Question 12

Obese BMI ≥ 30

Answer 12

15 lbs

Question 13

Underweight Risk:
pregnant

Answer 13

low-birth weight infants

pre-termdeath and infant death

Question 14

Overweight and Obese Risk|
pregnant

Answer 14

hypertension, gestationaldiabetes, and postpartuminfections

complication of labor delivery;
cesarean section for largebabies

Question 15

Lactating women require an increaseindailycaloric

first 6 months
second 6 months

Answer 15

intakeof 330calories
f 400calories

Question 16

Macronutrients and Micronutrients Requirementsduring Pregnancy and Lactation

Protein

Answer 16

20% of daily total calorieintake

1.1g/kg/day

Question 17

purpos of Protein in pregnancy

Answer 17

rapid tissue growth of maternal and fetal structures, amoniotic fluid, and extra blood volume.

Question 18

animal sourcesof proteinmight contain large amounts of

Answer 18

fats.

Question 19

Macronutrients and Micronutrients Requirementsduring Pregnancy and Lactation

Fats

Answer 19

Fats should be limited to 30%of total dailycalorie intake

Question 20

Macronutrients and Micronutrients Requirementsduring Pregnancy and Lactation

Carbohydrates

Answer 20

Carbohydrates should comprise50%of thetotal daily calorie intake. Ensuringadequatecarbohydrate intake allows for proteintobespared and available for the synthesisof fetaltissue.  The need f

Question 21

Vitamins
p[regnancy

Answer 21

are essential for blood formation, absorption of iron, and development of fetal
tissue

Question 22

duringh pregnancy
Fluid:

Answer 22

2000 to 3000 mL of fluids daily from food
and drinks

Question 23

Caffeine

Answer 23

Caffeine crosses the placenta and can
affect the movement and heart rate of the fetus. However, moderate use (less than 300mg/day)
does not appear to be harmful.

Question 24

Vegetarian diets:

Answer 24

well-balanced vegetarian diets
that include dairy products can provide all the
nutritional requirements of pregnancy

Question 25

Folic acid intake

Answer 25

600
mcg/day of folic acid be taken during pregnanc

neurological
developmen

maternal red blood cell
formation.

Question 26

are common during
pregnancy

Answer 26

Nausea and constipation

Question 27

Dietary Complication during Pregnancy

For nausea,

Answer 27

eat dry crackers or toast.

Question 28

Dietary Complication during Pregnancy

For constipation

Answer 28

– increase fluid consumption
and include extra fiber in the diet

Question 29

Dietary Complication during Pregnancy

Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 29

maternalgenetic disease in which high level of phenylalaninepose danger to the fetus.

Question 30

Dietary Complication during Pregnancy

Toxemia –

Answer 30

rapid weight gain, edema, highbloodpressures, excretion of albumin in theurine, andconvulsion a

Question 31

Acutetoxemiaofpregnancy (onset after the

Answer 31

24th week)

Question 32

Anemia

Answer 32

the classic macrocytic anemiaofpregnancy represents a combined deficiencyof ironand folic acid.

Question 33

Diabetes

Answer 33

– pregnant women with diabetes is more prone to develop pre-eclampsia, pyelonephritis, andpolyhydramnios (an excess of amnioticfluid), andher baby has a higher risk of dyinginuterooratbirth.

Question 34

Excessive maternal alcohol ingestionislinkedto fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Itsmajorfeatures are

Answer 34

CNS disorders

Question 35

Smoking during pregnancy

Answer 35

lowers the mean birth weight and increases the risk of perinatal mortality

Question 36

Nutritional Objectives:

Answer 36

Growth rate is more than any other periodofthe life cycle.

Birth weight doubles by 4 to 6monthsandtriples by 1 year of age.

Appropriate weight gain averages 0.15to0.21kg (5 to 7 oz) per week during the 5- 6months,approximately 1.25 cm(0.5in) inheight per month the last t 6 months.

Question 37

Weaning
developmentally, the infant is ready for
weaning from the breast or bottle to a cup
between

Answer 37

5 to 8 months of age

Question 38

 Introducing solid food

Answer 38

on the 4th month,

Question 39

Iron-fortified cereal is

Answer 39

first solidfoodintroduced as gestation iron storesbegintodeplete around 4 months of age

Question 40

Cow’s milk should not be introduced into the diet until

Answer 40

1 year of age because proteina nd mineral content stress the immatur kidney.

Question 41

Colic –

Answer 41

is
characterized by
persistent crying
lasting 3 hrs or
longer per day

more than 3
days per week for more
than 3 weeks