Module Sixteen Flashcards
1
Q
THe sort of equipment and networks used at home and in small business are described as what?
A
SOHO
2
Q
What does SOHO stand for?
A
Small Office Home Office
3
Q
A SOHO network is typically based around what?
A
A single small multifunction device.
4
Q
What three things can a “multifunction device” be?
A
- Switch
- AP (Access Point)
- Internet router/modem
5
Q
What connects four or eight computers together in an Ethernet LAN using RJ-45 network ports and twisted-pair cabling?
A
Switch
6
Q
What creates a Wi-Fi wireless network (WLAN) between computers and mobile devices equipped with suitable adapters and also switches communications between the wired and wireless networks.
A
AP (Access Point)
7
Q
What connects the wired and wireless network clients to the Internet via a WAN link?
A
Internet router/modem
8
Q
What else might a multifunctioning device be referred to as?
A
a router
9
Q
Is a router always together with the modem?
A
No, they can be separated.
10
Q
What is the modems job?
A
To transmit frames across the WAN.
11
Q
What is the job of the router?
A
To forward packets between the local network and the Internet.
12
Q
What is the job of a frame?
A
Essentially it encapsulates a packet, along with headers and trailers containing information for synchronization, error control, and flow control.
13
Q
What does DSL stand for?
A
Digital Subscriber Line
14
Q
What is one of the most popular SOHO Internet service types?
A
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
15
Q
What is the maximum supported distance of DSL?
A
About three miles.
16
Q
Most residential DSL services are what?
A
asymmetric (ADSL)
17
Q
What does ADSL stand for?
A
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.
18
Q
Most residential DSL services are asymmetric. What does that mean?
A
It means that the uplink is slower than the downlink.
19
Q
What is uplink?
A
Me sending something from my local network.
(Sending an email).
20
Q
What is downlink?
A
Me receiving something to my local network.
(Receiving an email.
21
Q
How is DSL service received?
A
Over an ordinary telephone line.
22
Q
The DSL modem/router is connected to the telephone line using a cable with what type of connector?
A
RJ-11
23
Q
Fastest Internet service is provided how?
A
With fiber optic cable
24
Q
What does FTTH stand for?
A
Fiber to the Home
25
What does FTTC stand for?
Fiber to the Curb
26
How do homes connect to FTTC?
VDSL
27
What does VDSL stand for?
Very High Bit Rate DSL
28
Max downlink, uplink, an distance of VDSL?
52 Mbps downlink
16 Mbps uplink
300m
29
Distance, uplink and downlink of VDSL2?
100m/300ft
100Mbps bi-directionally
30
How is a VDSL Internet model/router connected?
Very much the same as ADSL.
31
A cable Internet connection is usually provided as part of a _____ service?
CATV
32
What does CATV stand for?
Cable Access TV
33
CATV networks are often described as __________ as they combine fiber optic core network with coax links to customer premises.
HFC
34
What does HFC stand for?
Hybrid Fiber Coax
35
__________ is another type of copper cable but manufactured in a different way to twisted pair.
Coax
36
The cable modem or modem/router is interfaced to the computer through an Ethernet adapter and to the cable network by a short segment of coax, terminated using what type of connector?
F-connector.
37
What does DOCSIS stand for?
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification.
38
What is a set of standards that enables high-speed internet access over existing cable TV networks?
DOCSIS
39
Download speed of DOCSIS 3.0?
1.2Gbps although most service providers offer 100Mbps as a premium.
40
When you connect a Windows computer to a wired network, ho do you know that it's connected properly?
The network icon in the notification area of the taskbar should show a valid connection.
41
What does each of these icons mean?
1. All is well
2. cable isn't connected
3. connection is unknown or incomplete address information.
42
What usually configures the IP address information?
The router
43
The IP address information is usually configured by the router using a service called ________.
DHCP
44
What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
45
Easiest way to test an Internet connection?
Try to browse a website.
46
Which offers better bandwidth. Wired or wireless internet?
Wired. (it's just less commonly available).
47
What is the benefit of satellite internet systems?
They provide far bigger areas of coverage that can be achieved using other technologies.
48
Why are satellite services for businesses expanding?
Some rural areas don't have DSL or cable available to them.
49
What do you call communication networks that rely on infrastructure on or near the Earth's surface to transmit signals?
terrestrial connections
50
Why do satellite connections experienced severe latency?
Because the signal has to travel thousands of miles more that terrestrial connection.
51
How amplified is satellites latency compared to a land link (WAN)?
4-5 times more amplified.
52
How is a satellite Internet connection created?
The ISP installs a satellite dish (antenna) at the customer's premises and aligns it with the orbital satellite.
53
If you live in the northern hemisphere in which direction should your satellite dish be pointed?
South
54
After installing a satellite antenna it is connected to a coaxial cable to a ________ modem.
DVB-S
55
What does DVB-S stand for?
Digital Video Broadcast Satellite.
56
Where do you install a DVB-s? There are two possibilities.
1. In the PC as an expansion card
2. AS an external box
57
If you choose to install a DVB-S as an external box, what are the two port options available to me?
USB or Ethernet.
58
What is a similarity between cellular data and wi-fi?
They both use radio transmissions only cellular data has far better range.
59
What do you call it when a cell phone shares it's connection with a computer?
Tethering (hot spot)
60
A cell phone makes a connection to the nearest available transmitter (cell or base station). What is the base station's maximum effective range?
5 miles (3km)
61
What does PSTN stand for?
public switched telephone networks
62
Cellular radio data works in the _____ and _____ MHz frequency band in the USA and in the _____ and _____ MHz in the rest of the world.
850 1900
900 1800
63
Cellular digital communications standards developed in two competing formats, established in different markets: What are they?
GSM (Phones)
TIA/EIA IS-95 (handsets)
64
What does GSM stand for
Global System for Mobile Communications
65
What does SIM stand for?
Subscriber Identity Module
66
Name two providers that use GSM and two providers that use TIA/EIA. (aka two that use sim cards and two that don't).
1. AT&T and T-Mobile
2. Sprint and Verizon
67
If a cellular data provider such as Verizon or AT&T doesn't use a SIM card what would they use?
CDMA
68
What does CDMA stand for?
Code-Division Multiple Access.
69
What does RF stand for?
Radio Frequency
70
What is a means of provisioning a wireless local network using Wi-Fi standard equipment.
Radio Frequency (RF)
71
Why do most SOHO networks rely heavily on Wi-Fi?
Because the typical SOHO network appliance provides only four Ethernet ports
72
What does IEEE stand for?
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
73
What does WLAN stand for?
Wireless Local Area Network
74
What is else can WLAN be called?
WiFi
75
What is the IEEE's standards for WLAN?
802.11
76
How does compatibility mode work?
It slows down the whole network to allow for legacy clients.
77
How many standards are there of 802.11? Name them.
Five
1. a
2. b
3. g
4. n
5. ac
78
What are the two 802.11 standards that came our in 1999?
a and b
79
What is the 802.11 standard that came out in 2003?
g
80
What is the 802.11 standard that came out in 2009?
n
81
What is the 802.11 standard that came out in 2013?
ac
82
What is the maximum transfer speed of 802.11a?
54Mbps
83
What is the maximum transfer speed of 802.11b?
11Mbps
84
What's the maximum transfer speed of 802.11g?
54Mbps
85
What's the maximum transfer speed of 802.11n? There are two possibilities.
72.2 Mbps or 150Mbps
86
What's the maximum transfer speed of 802.11ac?
1.7Gbps
87
What is the bandwidth of 803.11a?
5 GHz
88
What's the bandwidth of 802.11b?
2.4GHz
89
What's the bandwidth of 802.11g?
2.4GHz
90
What's the bandwidth of 802.11n? There are two possibilities.
2.4/5 GHz
91
What's the bandwidth of 802.11ac?
5GHz
92
What is an access point?
A networking device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network (wifi)
93
How do I configure an access point to my desktop/laptop? (two things)
1. I plug the PC into one of the LAN ports on the router.
2. The router then assigns an IP address to the PC,
94
Once I plug my PC into the LAN port on the SOHO router, the router assigns my PC an IP address. What is this process called?
DHCP
95
What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
96
Once I've plugged my PC into my router and the IP address has been assigned. How do I know if everything was done correctly?
The network status icon in the notifications area.
97
How do I find out what the router's IP address is?
The SOHO setup guide.
98
To prevent snooping what should I enable on a wireless network?
Encryption
99
What does encryption do?
It scrambles the messages being sent over the WLAN so that anyone intercepting them isn't able to capture any valuable information.
100
What two things does encryption consist of?
1. cipher
2. key
101
Define cipher
The process used to scramble messages
102
Define key
A unique value that allows the recipient to decrypt a scrambled message.
103
This is an older standard. It's flawed and you would only select this if compatibility with legacy devices and software is imperative.
WEP
104
What does WEP stand for?
Wired Equivalent Privacy.
105
This fixes most of the security problems with WEP and uses the same weak RC4 cipher as WEP, but adds a mechanism called TKIP to make it stronger.
WPA
106
What does WPA stand for?
Wi-Fi Protected Access
107
This implements the 802.11i WLAN security standard. The main different to WPA is the use of the AES cipher for encryption. AES is much stronger than the RC4/TKIP. The only reason no to use this is if it is not supported by devices on the network. In many cases, devices that can support WPA can be made compatible with a firmware or driver upgrade.
WPA2
108
What does WPA2 stand for?
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2
109
What does AES stand for?
Advanced Encryption Standard
110
On a SOHO network, you would also generate a PSK using a _____________.
wireless password
111
What does PSK stand for?
Pre-shared Key
112
When you type a password into a box, what does the router do?
It converts the password into an encryption key to use with the cipher.
113
How is the key expressed?
In hexadecimal.
114
Selecting __________ means that the client is not required to authenticate.
open authenticaion
115
Where would open authentication be used?
On a public AP (hotspot)
116
When using open authentication, is the data sent over the wireless network encrypted?
no
117
Open authentication may be combined with a secondary authentication mechanism managed via a browser. When the client associates with the open hotspot and launches the browser, the client is redirected to a __________.
captive protal
118
A device supporting the Wi-Fi standard should have a maximum indoor range of up to __________.
30m/100ft
119
The distance between the wireless client and access point determines the _________ of the signal.
attenuation
120
what does attenuation mean?
loss of strength
121
Each station determines an appropriate data rate based on the quality of the signal using a mechanism called __________.
DRS
122
What does DRS stand for?
Dynamic Rate Switching/Selection
123
Can radio signals pass through solid objects?
Yes, but they can be weakened by thick materials and metal.
124
An enterprise network uses the same sort of switch, access point, and router technologies as a______.
SOHO router
125
Why might an office building be floodwired?
So there can be a network port at every desk.
126
In an office building where are each workstation port routed back to?
A telecommunications room where it can be connected to an Ethernet switch.
127
A SOHO router's switch supports four ports how many does an enterprise witch support?
20+
128
How many ports can a modular enterprise switch support?
hundreds
129
While the switches and access points can provide thousands of ports and network connections, it is inefficient to have that many connections to the same "logical" network. The ports are divided into groups using a technology called ______.
VLAN
130
What does VLAN stand for?
Virtual LAN
131
Each VLAN is associated with a different _____.
subnet
132
Define subnet
a logical division of a larger network into smaller, more manageable segments
133
Communications between different VLANs have to go through a _____.
router
134
What is this an image of ?
cisco 1000 advanced serviced ROUTER. Router is the answer I need to know.
135
The whole network is connected to the wider Internet via a _____.
router
136
What is used to divide the network into subnets
router
137
High bandwidth _____ ______ are used between the router and the Internet and between the router and the switches.
backbone segments
138
what are backbone segments
the high-capacity, central connections that link smaller networks, like LANs together.
