Module Eight Flashcards
What is a program?
A sequence of instructions for your computer to perform.
What is Pseudocode?
An informal writing style of various programming codes that serve as a guide or step-by-step description of an algorithm, written in plain text.
What is a “End Routine” statement?
When a program reaches the last step of the main routine, it closes instead of going through all the steps again.
In programming what does it mean to “call” something?
To execute a specific piece of code by referencing its name.
In programming what is a subroutine?
A named block of code that performs a specific task and can be called upon to execute that task.
What is a ‘conditional statement’?
A conditional statement only executes if specific conditions are true or false.
Give a single example of a ‘condition statement’.
IF
In programming what is a variable?
A piece of memory that stores a value that can be changed.
In programming what is a function?
A block of reusable code that performs a specific task, usually taking input values and producing a single output value. (We can assume that functions are provided as features of the programming language).
What three categories are programming languages divided into?
- Compiled, 2. Interpreted, 3. Query.
What is Machine Code?
Instructions converted to strings of 1’s and 0’s for the CPU to process.
Give four examples of Compiled Programming Laguages.
C++, C#, COBOL, PASCAL
- Translates source code into Machine code by a compiler.
- A compiled program runs very quickly.
- Is platform (CPU) specific.
- The source code must be recompiled in order to run on a new program.
Give three examples of interpreted/scripted languages.
JavaScript, Perl, and Python.
Three things about Interpreted Programming.
- Program runs slower than compiled code.
- Likely runs on any platform provided there’s an interpreter.
- Runs on an interpreter.
What does an interpreter do?
It converts code into machine code at runtime.
Five things about Assembly Language.
- Represents machine code in human-readable text.
- Typically specific to a particular hardware architecture. This is in contrast to compiled, interpreted, and query languages.
- Even though its written in human-readable text, it’s still very hard to follow.
- Usually written by a specialist for a very specific piece of hardware.
- Not a language I’d use to start a new development project.
Is a Markup Language a programming language?
No, instead it’s a means of making data in a document accessible to a program.
Give two examples of a Markup Language.
- XML
- HTML
What does HTML stand for?
Hypertext Markup Language.
HTML !DOCTYPE
A declaration that informs the web browser what type of document to expect. This tag does not use a close element.
What does writing <html> do?
This top-level parent element identifies the type of document. All other tags are nested within this one.
Two things about <body>
- Indicates the body of the document.
- This is what the web page viewer sees.
In HTLM what does <p> mean?
It indicates that the content is a paragraph-level block.
In HTML what does <a> indicate?</a>
That the content links to another resource. Also called an anchor.
Two things about ‘identifiers’.
- A unique name given to a specific element within a program.
2.Used in a program to access a program element, such as a stored value, class, method, or interface.
In programming what is a constant?
A specific identifier that contains a value that cannot be changed within the program.
In programming what is a ‘container’?
A term for a special type of identifier that can reference multiple values or elements. An ‘array’ is an example of a container.
Two things about ‘arrays’.
- Opposite of ‘vectors’.
- Cannot be resized.
In programming what is a ‘branch’?
My computer runs a program from start to finish unless instructed to do otherwise by using a branch. A branch tells my computer to go back and do something else.
In programming what is a ‘loop’?
It’s similar to a branch in that it deviates from the initial program path. A loop will continue to repeat a task unless certain conditions are met.
In programming, what is a ‘logical test’?
A test that resolves a TRUE or FALSE value. These tests can be performed with operators.
One similarity between ‘procedures’ and ‘functions’ and one difference.
Both are segments of code that can be reused. The difference is a function can return a value to whatever called it, unlike a procedure.
What does OOP stand for?
Object-Oriented Programming.
What is Object-Oriented Programming?
- A popular way of designing code.
- The idea is to create recognizable things within the code and making them interact through defined methods, making the code easier to read and maintain.
- An object consists of inner workings, public members, and is shielded from external programs.
What three things can an Object have?
- Attributes.
- Methods.
- Properties.
Three things about attributes?
1.The values and data types that define the object.
2.They’re stored within the object as fields or private variables.
3.Other programs can’t access them without calling a particular ‘method’.
Tell me three things about a script.
- Is a smaller piece of code than a program.
- Generally targeted at completing a specific task.
- Anything a script does, could usually be done by a user.
Two things about batch files.
- Are a collection of command-line instructions that you store in a .CMD file.
- You can run the file by calling its name from the command line, or double-clicking the file in File Explorer.
What does ‘installed locally’ mean?
It means it was installed directly to the computer.
Three reasons to install to a network server instead of installing locally. One reason not to.
- More secure
- Better performance
- Easier to backup
- Congestion could make applications inaccessible.
Three application delivery methods.
- Installed Locally
- Installed on a network server
- Cloud hosted mode
What is an element?
An element is an individual, small piece of data within a larger data structure. In a Python list fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “orange”], “apple”, “banana”, and “orange” are each considered individual elements within the list.
In programming what is an operator.
A symbol that instructs a compiler to perform a specific action.
