Module part 3

Question 1

stable, heritable change in the genomic nucleotide sequence

Answer 1

mutation

Question 2

can alter phenotype

Answer 2

mutation

Question 3

What are the different types of mutation?

Answer 3

Morphological mutations
Lethal mutations
Conditional mutations
Biochemical mutations
Resistance mutations

Question 4

result in changes in colony or cell morphology

Answer 4

morphological mutations

Question 5

result in death of the organism

Answer 5

lethal mutation

Question 6

expressed only under certain environmental conditions

Answer 6

conditional mutations

Question 7

result in changes in the metabolic capabilities of a cell

Answer 7

biochemical mutations

Question 8

cannot grow on minimal media because they have lost a biosynthetic capability; require supplements

Answer 8

auxotroph

Question 9

can grow on minimal media

Answer 9

prototroph

Question 10

mutations can arise spontaneously or can be induced by a ________

Answer 10

mutagen

Question 11

spontaneous mutations occur _________ and are then _______

Answer 11

randomly; selected

Question 12

some mutations are directed or adaptive mutations that may be the result of ___________ followed by selection of favorable mutations

Answer 12

hypermutation

Question 13

arise occasionally in all cells without exposure to external agents

Answer 13

spontaneous mutations

Question 14

True or False: spontaneous mutations arise occasionally in all cells with exposure to external agents

Answer 14

False, without exposure to external agents

Question 15

often results of errors in replication

Answer 15

spontaneous mutations

Question 16

spontaneous mutations are often results of errors in __________

Answer 16

replication

Question 17

Errors in replication can occur due to ____________, which cause base pair substitutions; other errors can lead to frameshifts

Answer 17

tautomeric shifts

Question 18

substitution of one purine for another, or of one pyrimidine for another

Answer 18

transition

Question 19

substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine or vice versa

Answer 19

transversion

Question 20

often the result of the deletion of nucleotides, which results in an altered codon reading frame

Answer 20

frameshift

Question 21

______ in the structure of DNA can cause spontaneous mutations

Answer 21

Lesions

Question 22

_________ of DNA segments can cause spontaneous mutations

Answer 22

Insertion