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Microbiology Lec - Finals > Module part 1 > Flashcards

Module part 1 Flashcards

part 1

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

population of cells that are genetically identical

A

clone

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2
Q

all the genes present in a cell or virus

A

genome

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3
Q

normally have one set of genes

A

prokaryotes (haploid)

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4
Q

usually have two sets of genes

A

eukaryotic microbes (diploid)

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5
Q

how many sets of genes does prokaryotes and eukaryotic microbes have?

A

prokaryotes (one-haploid)
eukaryotic microbes (two-diploid)

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6
Q

specific set of genes that an organism possess

A

Genotype

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7
Q

collection of characteristics of an organism that are observable

A

Phenotype

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8
Q

demonstrated the phenomenon of transformation

A

Griffith (1928)

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9
Q

What is the phenomenon of transformation?

A

nonvirulent bacteria could become virulent when live

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10
Q

demonstrated that the transforming principle was DNA

A

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (1944)

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11
Q

What is the transforming principle?

A

DNA (material responsible for transformation to virulence in Griffith’s experiments

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12
Q

showed that for the T2 bacteriophage, only the DNA is needed for inefectivity; therefore, they proved that DNA was the genetic material

A

Hershey and Chase (1952)

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13
Q

genetic material of cells

A

DNA

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14
Q

DNA is precisely copied by a process called

A

replication

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15
Q

DNA segment that encodes a polypeptide, an RNA, or a tRNA

A

gene

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16
Q

expressed when the information they encode is transcribed, forming an RNA molecule complementary to the original DNA template

A

Genes

17
Q

What directs the synthesis of proteins?

A

mRNA molecules

18
Q

On what process does the decoding of the mRNA information occurs?

A

translation

19
Q

composed of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides that contain the sugar deoxyribose and are joined by phosphodiester bridges

A

DNA

20
Q

DNA is composed of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides that contain the sugar _________ and are joined by _____________

A

phosphodiester bridges

21
Q

usually a double helix consisting of two chains of nucleotides coiled around each other

A

DNA

22
Q

purine Adenine is always paired with?

A

pyrimidine thymine

23
Q

purine guanine is always paired with?

A

pyrimidine cytosine

24
Q

True or False: two strands of DNA are not positioned directly opposite one another

A

True

25
Q

two strands of DNA are not positioned directly opposite one another, therefore a _____ and ________ are formed by the double helix backbone

A

major groove
minor groove

26
Q

two strands of DNA are not positioned directly opposite one another, therefore a major groove and minor groove are formed by the __________

A

double helix backbone

27
Q

the two polynucleotide chains are ________

A

antiparallel (sugar-phosphate backbones are oriented in opposite directions)

Microbiology Lec - Finals (8 decks)

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