Module part 2

Question 1

differs from DNA whereas it is composed of the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

RNA contains what pyrimidine?

Answer 2

uracil

Question 3

what sugar does RNA has?

Answer 3

ribose sugar

Question 4

usually consists of a single strand that can coil back on itself, rather than two strands coiled around each other

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

What are the 3 different kinds of RNA?

Answer 5

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 6

How does the DNA exist in prokaryotes?

Answer 6

closed circular, supercoiled molecule associated with basic (histone-like) proteins

Question 7

How does the DNA exist in eukaryotes?

Answer 7

highly organized;
associated with basic (histone) proteins and is coiled into repeating units known as nucleosomes

Question 8

closed circular, supercoiled molecule associated with basic (histone-like) proteins

Answer 8

DNA in prokaryotes

Question 9

highly organized;
associated with basic (histone) proteins and is coiled into repeating units known as nucleosomes

Answer 9

DNA in eukaryotes

Question 10

DNA replication is ___________

Answer 10

semiconservative

Question 11

What does semiconservative DNA replication means?

Answer 11

each strand of DNA is conserved, but the two strands are separated from each other and serve as templates for the production of another strand

Question 12

areas of the DNA molecule where strand separation occurs and the synthesis of new DNA takes place

Answer 12

Replication forks

Question 13

consists of an origin of replication and the DNA that is replicated as a unit from that origin

Answer 13

replicon

Question 14

bacterial chromosome is usually a _______

Answer 14

single replicon

Question 15

small closed circular DNA molecules, such as plasmids and some virus genomes, replicate by means of

Answer 15

rolling-circle mechanism

Question 16

large linear DNA molecules of eukaryotes employ ________ to efficiently replicate the relatively large molecules within a reasonable time span

Answer 16

multiple replicons

Question 17

binds to the origin of replication resulting in separation of the double-stranded DNA

Answer 17

DnaA protein

Question 18

unwind the two strands of DNA and as they do so topoisomerases like DNA gyrase relieve the tension caused by the unwinding process

Answer 18

Helicases

Question 19

keep the single strands apart

Answer 19

Single-stranded DNA binding proteins

Question 20

synthesize a small RNA molecule that will act as a primer for DNA synthesis

Answer 20

Primases

Question 21

synthesizes the complementary strand of DNA according to the base-pairing rules; on one strand, synthesis is continuous, while on the other, a series of fragments are generated by discontinuous synthesis

Answer 21

DNA polymerase III

Question 22

a multiprotein complex called a ______ organizes all of these processes

Answer 22

replisome

Question 23

removes the primers and fills the gaps that result from the RNA deletion

Answer 23

DNA polymerase I

Question 24

join the DNA fragments to form a complete strand of DNA

Answer 24

DNA ligases

Question 25

extraordinarily complex; at least 30 proteins are required to replicate the E. coli chromosome

Answer 25

DNA replication

Question 26

rate of DNA synthesis is ____________ base pairs per seconds in prokaryotes

Answer 26

750-1000

Question 27

rate of DNA synthesis is _______ base pairs per second in eukaryotes

Answer 27

50-100