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Nurse Aide 1 > Module H: Definitions > Flashcards

Module H: Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Theory

A

basic unit of all living tissues or organisms, all living organisms made of cells, and cellular function is essential process of living things

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2
Q

Cells

A

are building blocks of the human body and when combined, are said to form tissue need food, water, and oxygen to live and function

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3
Q

Cells

A

are building blocks of the human body and when combined, are said to form tissue need food, water, and oxygen to live & function

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4
Q

Metastasis

A

cancer spread to other parts of body

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5
Q

Organ

A

made of tissue, may be several different types of tissue that carry on a special function, and combine to form a system

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6
Q

Organism

A

made up of systems functioning together to perform activities of daily living needed for continued life. Examples of organisms: humans, trees, cats, and ladybugs

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7
Q

Organelle

A

carry on work of cell

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8
Q

System

A

made of groups of several organs functioning together for a specific purpose or purposes

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9
Q

Tissue

A

cells grouped together to carry out a particular activity or function; when grouped together, tissues become organs

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10
Q

Bondy Prominences

A

areas of body where bone is close to the skin, such as elbows, shoulder blades, sacrum

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11
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammation of skin

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12
Q

Dermis

A

layer of skin under the epidermis contains, hair & nail follicles, sweat & oil glands, blood vessels, nerves, & touch receptors

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13
Q

Eczema

A

red, itchy areas on the surface of skin

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14
Q

Epidermis

A

outer layer of skin containing melanin, nerve endings, but no blood vessels

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15
Q

Fiction

A

2 surfaces rub together

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16
Q

Integumentary System

A

the skin; the largest organ and system in the body, responsible
for providing a natural protective covering of the body

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17
Q

Melanin

A

found in epidermis gives the skin primary color

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18
Q

Pressure Points

A

points where the body bears much of the weight

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19
Q

Pressure Ulcers (pressure sore, decubitus ulcer, bed sore)

A

a serious wound caused by

poor circulation, resulting from pressure

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20
Q

Shearing

A

skin moves in one direction and underneath tissue remains fixed

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21
Q

Abduction

A

moving a body part away from the midline

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22
Q

Adduction

A

moving a body part toward the midline

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23
Q

Amputation

A

removal of all or part of a limb

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24
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints

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25
Bone Marrow
soft and spongy inside part of the bone
26
Bones
hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and together form the framework of the body
27
Cardiac Muscle
involuntary muscle of the heart
28
Contracture
permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints
29
Dorsiflexion
bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle
30
Extension
straightening a body part
31
External Rotation
turning the joint outward
32
Flexion
bending a body part
33
Fracture
break in the bone
34
Internal Rotation
turning the joint inward
35
Joints
point where bones meet and consist of cartilage and connective tissue that cushion the bones, allowing for movement of the area
36
Ligaments
connect bone to bone
37
Muscle Atrophy
muscle mass decreases in size
38
Muscle Strain
damage of the muscle caused by trauma
39
Muscles
structure of the body that powers movement of skeleton and helps body stay erect
40
Musculoskeletal System
system of the body that provides structure and movement | for the body
41
Opposition
touching the thumb to a finger of the same hand
42
Osteoarthritis
disease affects weight-bearing joints, with aches, stiffness, limited motion
43
Osteoporosis
spongy type of bone that breaks easily
44
Plantar Flexion
bending the foot downward at the ankle
45
Pronation
turning downward
46
Rheumatoid Arthritis
systemic, crippling disease causing deformities, with stiff, | painful, swollen joints
47
Skeletal Muscle
voluntary muscle that powers movement of the skeleton
48
Smooth Muscle
involuntary muscle of the inner linings of organs
49
Sprain
stretched or torn ligaments or tendons
50
Supination
turning upward
51
Tendons
connect muscle to bone
52
Blindness
loss of eyesight
53
Brain
located in the skull and consists of three parts – cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brainstem
54
Brainstem
part of the brain that controls breathing, opening and closing of blood vessels, heart rate, swallowing, gagging, and coughing
55
CVA (or stroke) cerebro vascular accident
damage to part of brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage cutting blood supply off
56
Cataract
when lens of eye becomes cloudy
57
Cerebellum
part of the brain located just below the cerebrum that controls balance and regulates movement
58
Cerebrum
center of the brain where thought and intelligence occur
59
Deafness
hearing loss
60
Dementia
progressive loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, etc
61
Glaucoma
damage to optic nerve caused by pressure
62
Hearing Loss
not being able to hear normal range of sounds that can be heard with normal hearing
63
Nerves
structures that are made up of nerve cells or neurons that carry messages to and from the brain and to and from the rest of the body
64
Neurological System
the control and message center of the body
65
Neurons
nerve cells
66
Otitis Media
infection of the middle ear
67
Parkinson's disease
progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells
68
Sensory Organs
receive impulses from environment and relay impulses to brain including skin, tongue, nose, eyes, and ears
69
Spinal Cord
located within the spine, connected to the brain and conducts messages between the brain and the body by pathways
70
Anemia
low red blood cell count
71
Arteries
blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen and nutrients away from the heart and to the cells
72
Atria (right and left)
two upper chambers of the heart
73
Blood
consists of water (90%), blood cells, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, waste products
74
Cardiovascular System
also called the circulatory system and is the continuous movement of blood though the body
75
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping effectively
76
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
a condition in which blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen
77
Diastole
the resting phase of the heart when the heart fills with blood; the bottom number of a blood pressure reading
78
Heart
the pump of the cardiovascular system
79
Hypertension
high blood pressure
80
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
a heart attack; a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart
81
Pulse
is the beat of the heart felt at an artery, as a wave of blood passes through the artery; is the numbers of heart beats per minute
82
Systole
the working phase of the heart when the heart is pumping blood to the body; the top number of a blood pressure reading
83
Varicose Veins
enlarged, twisted veins usually in the legs
84
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood with waste products away from the cells and to the heart
85
Ventricles (Right and Left)
two lower chambers of the heart
86
Asthma
a disease characterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a sense of tightness or constriction in the chest due to spasm of the muscles
87
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis and problems related to these diseases
88
Cyanosis
changes in skin color, pale or bluish color of lips and extremities
89
Dyspnea
difficulty breathing
90
Emphysema
irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanent holes in the lung tissues
91
Epiglottis
covers larynx when swallowing preventing food from going into airway
92
Exhale
when carbon dioxide is expelled out of nose and the mouth from the lungs
93
Expiration
involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide
94
Influenza
contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus
95
Inhale
when air (or oxygen) is pulled in through the nose and down into the lungs
96
Inspiration
involves the breathing in of oxygen
97
lobes
segments or areas of the lung
98
Lower Respiratory Tract
consists of lower trachea, bronchi, and lungs
99
Lungs
elastic, spongy, cone-shaped air-filled structures involved in respiration
100
Pneumonia
acute (sudden onset) inflammation of the lungs
101
Respiratory System
involves the breathing in of oxygen (inspiration) and the breathing out of carbon dioxide (expiration)
102
Thorax
closed cavity of the body that contain the structures needed for respiration, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm
103
Upper Respiratory Tract
consists of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and top of trachea
104
Appendix
located where small & large intestine meet – no know function
105
Constipation
difficulty in expelling feces, incomplete, or infrequent bowel movements hard stool/inability to pass a stool
106
Diarrhea
liquid stool
107
Esophagus
the food tube of the body between the throat and the stomach
108
Feces
tubular shaped stool passed from the rectum
109
Gastrointestinal System
also known as the digestive system, extends from the mouth to the anus, and responsible for digestion and elimination
110
Hemorrhoids
enlarged veins in anal area
111
Intestines (Small and Large)
lower GI structures. The small intestine has 3 parts duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
112
Pharynx
upper GI structure located in the back of the throat
113
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines lining
114
Calculi
kidney or bladder stones
115
Cystitis
inflammation of bladder due to infection
116
Dysuria
painful urination
117
Hematuria
blood in the urine
118
Kidney Failure
decreased ability to filter waste products
119
kidneys
paired organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
120
Nephritis
inflammation of kidney due to infection
121
Retention
inability to completely empty the bladder
122
UTI
urinary tract infection
123
Ureters
narrow tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder
124
Urethra
a tube located between the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
125
Urinary Bladder
muscular sac that stores the urine until it passes from the body
126
Urinary Incontinence
inability to control urination
127
Urinary System
the filtering system of the body, responsible for ridding body of waste products from blood
128
Urine
made up of water, salt, and waste substances
129
Cystocele
weakening of wall between urethra and vagina, which leads to urinary incontinence?
130
Prostatic Hypertrophy
enlargement of prostate gland, a donut-shaped structure around the male urethra, leading to urinary dysfunction
131
Reproductive system
system allows human beings to create a new human life
132
Diabetes Mellitus
disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with decreased insulin production from the pancreas
133
Endocrine System
system of glands that secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions
134
Glands
secrete chemicals, called hormones that regulate bodily function
135
Homeostatis
balance
136
Hyperthyroidism
too much thyroxin
137
Hypothyroidism
too little thyroxin
138
AIDS
disease caused by a virus and attacks the immune system and destroys infection-fighting and cancer-fighting cells of the body
139
Graves Disease
immune system attacks thyroid gland which causes it to secrete more thyroid hormone
140
Immune System
system defends threats both inside and outside the body
141
Lupus
when immune system attacks tissues causing redness, pain, swelling, and damage
142
List the 7 warning signs of cancer.
Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body opening Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness
143
Each lung is covered by a sac called the
pleura
144
the meninges is the protective covering of the
spinal cord and brain
145
the body has four cavities
cranial thoracic abdominal pelvic
146
Organs of the cranial cavity
brain and 12 cranial nerves
147
Organs of the Thoracic cavity
lungs, heart, esophagus
148
Organs of the Abdominal cavity
stomach, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, gall bladder, small and most of the large intestines
149
Organs of the Pelvic cavity
reproductive organs, lower colon, and rectum
150
2 surfaces rub together
friction
151
red, itching areas on the surface of the skin
eczema
152
outer layer of skin containing melanin, nerve endings, but no blood vessels
epidermis
153
areas of the body where bone is close to the skin, such as elbows, shoulder blades, sacrum
bony prominences
154
points where the body bears much of the weight
pressure points
155
a serious wound caused by poor circulation, resulting from pressure
pressure ulcers
156
found in epidermis gives the skin primary color
melanin
157
layer of skin under the epidermis contains hair and nail follicles, seat & oil glands, blood vessels, nerves, and touch receptors
dermis
158
inflammation of skin
dermatitis
159
the skin; the largest organ and system in the body responsible for providing a natural protective covering of the body
integumentary system
160
skin moves in one direction and underneath tissue remains fixed
shearing
161
what changes due to aging are normal for the integumentary system
nails harden and become more brittle folds, line, wrinkles, brown spots (liver spots) development of skin tags, warts, moles reduced circulation to skin resulting dryness and itching
162
what is the function of the integumentary system
protect body from injury and pathogens regulates body temperature eliminates waste through perspiration stores fat and vitamins
163
Describe stage 1 of pressure ulcers
skin is intact, red, darkened, or non-blanchable, still present after 30 minutes relieved
164
Describe stage 2 of pressure ulcers
addition of blister like lesions; thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis
165
Describe stage 3 of pressure ulcers
full thickness skin loss; infection and eschar (scab) may result
166
Describe stage 4 of pressure ulcers
skin, fatty tissue destroyed, muscle and bone involved
167
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory noncontagious, excessive reproduction of epidermal cells, causing circular patches which are scaly and itch
168
shingles
viral infection caused by varicella zoster
169
impetigo
a contagious skin infection
170
gangrene
necrosis of tissue cells due to blockage of blood supply to an area, or blockage from disease or direct injury
171
What should NA's remember when caring for older adults
older adults do not need complete bed baths every day (a couple of times a week, supplemented with sponge baths on non-bath days) older adults often need lotion for moisture be gentle with movement and care because of fragility of skin gently brush hair daily to stimulate scalp layer clothes for extra warmth inspect skin every time care is provided observe for and report early signs of pressure ulcers prevent pressure ulcers by turning/repositioning dependent resident at minimum every 2 hours; performing regular skin care, keeping skin clean and dry, keeping linens dry, clean, and wrinkle-free using pillows to separate skin surfaces do not massage any pressure ulcer area pat skin dry never scrub
172
common causes of pressure ulcers
shearing moisture friction pressure
173
10 pressure points on the human body
``` elbows hips shoulders knees ankles heels toes back of head back of neck sacrum ```
174
what can prevent pressure ulcers
turning a resident every 2 hours keeping a resident clean and dry keeping linens dry and clean
175
turning upward
supination
176
disease affects weigh-bearing joints, with aches, stiffness, limited motion
osteoarthritis
177
connect muscle to bone
tendons
178
stretched or torn ligaments or tendons
sprain
179
involuntary muscle of the inner lining of organs
smooth muscles
180
voluntary muscle that powers movement of the skeleton
skeletal muscles
181
systemic, crippling disease causing deformities, with stiff, painful, swollen joints
rhematoid arthritis
182
turning downward
pronation
183
bending the foot downward at the ankle, also known as foot drop
plantar flexion
184
spongy type of bone that breaks easily
osteoporosis
185
disease affects weight bearing joints with aches stiffness, limited motion
osteoarthritis
186
touching the thumb to a finger of the same hand
opposition
187
system of the body that provides structure and movement for the body
musculoskeletal system
188
structure of the body that powers movement of skeleton and helps body stay erect
muscles
189
damage of the muscle caused by trauma
muscle strain
190
muscle mass decreases in size
muscle atrophy
191
connect bone to bone
ligaments
192
points where bones meet and consist of cartilage and connective tissue that cushion the bones, allowing for movement of the area
joints
193
moving a body part away from the midline
abduction
194
moving a body part toward the midline
adduction
195
removal of all or part of a limb
amputation
196
inflammation of the joints
arthritis
197
soft and spongy inside part of the bone
bone marrow
198
hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and together form the framework of the body
bones
199
involuntary muscle of the heart
cardiac muscle
200
permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints
contractures
201
bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle
dorsiflexion
202
straightening a body part
extension
203
turning the joint outward
outward rotation
204
turning the joint inward
inward rotation
205
break in the bone
fracture
206
being a body part
flexion
207
paralysis of the lower half of the body
paraplegic
208
paralysis of the neck down
quadriplegic
209
paralysis of one side of the body
hemiplegic
210
inability to speak
aphasia
211
how many vertebrae
24 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar
212
gout
metabolic disease usually affecting the lower leg joints due to the inability of the body to metabolism of purines in foods
213
example/ fxn of hinge joint
elbow, knee - allows movement in 1 direction
214
example/fxn of ball and socket joint
hip, shoulder - allows movement in all directions
215
example/fxn of pivot joint
skull to spine - side to side movement
216
example/fxn of long bone
femur - bear weight
217
example/fxn of short bone
phalanges - allow skill and ease of movement
218
example/fxn of flat bone
ribs, skull - protects organs
219
what does bone marrow store and make?
makes and store blood cells
220
greenstick fracture
incomplete break
221
synovial fluid is found
each joint is lines with a synovial membrane that secrets synovial fluid in the bursae
222
fxn of the musculoskeletal system
provides structure and movement for the body
223
changes due to aging are normal for the musculoskeletal system
pain with moving slower muscle and nerve interaction poorer response to stimuli slowed recovery from position change and sudden movement causing decreased range of motion muscles weaken and lose tone bones lose density and become brittle height decrease of 1 to 2 inches from age 20 to 70
224
damage to the optic nerve caused by pressure
glaucoma
225
not being able to hear normal range of sounds that can be heard with normal hearing
hearing loss
226
structures that are made up of nerve cell or neurons that carry messages to and from the brain and to and from the rest of the body
nerves
227
the control and message center of the body
neurological system
228
nerve cells
neurons
229
infection of the middle ear
otitis media
230
progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells
parkinson's disease
231
located in the skull and consists of 3 parts - cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brainstem
brain
232
part of the brain that controls breathing, opening and closing of blood vessels, heart rate, swallowing, gagging, and coughing
brainstem
233
damage to part of the brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage cutting blood supply off
cva
234
when lens of eye becomes cloudy
cataract
235
part of the brain located just below the cerebrum that controls balance and regulates movement
cerebellum
236
loss of eyesight
blindness
237
center of the brain where though and intelligence occur
cerebrum
238
located within the spine, connected to the brain conducts messages between the brain and the body by pathways
spinal cord
239
receive impulses from environment and relay impulses to brain including skin, tongue, nose, eyes, and ears
sensory organs
240
hearing loss
deafness
241
progressive loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, etch
dementia
242
CNS
central nervous system
243
largest part of the brain and has the 4 lobes
cerebrum
244
function of the cerebrum
hearing, vision, sensation, volunatry movement
245
S/S of parkinson's disease
tremors of the hands pill rolling shuffled gait muscular rigidity
246
3 parts of the brainstem
midbrain pons medulla oblongatta
247
two lower chambers of the heart
ventricles (2)
248
the resting phase of the heart when the heart fills with blood
diastole
249
blood vessels that carry blood with waste products away from the cells and to the heart
veins
250
the pump of the cardiovascular system
heart
251
the working phase of the heart when the heart is pumping blood to the body
systole
252
high blood pressure
hypertension
253
the beat of the heart felt at an artery, as a wave of blood passes through the artery
pulse
254
a heart attack
MI Myocardial Infarction
255
low red blood cell count
anemia
256
a condition in which blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to heart and depriving it of oxygen
CAD coronary artery disease
257
blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen and nutrients away from the heart
arteries
258
also called the circulatory system and is the continuous movement of blood through the body
cardiovascular system
259
two upper chambers of the heart
atria (2)
260
consists of water (90%) blood cells, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, waste products
blood
261
englarged, twisted veins usually in the legs
varicose veins
262
when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping effectively
CHF congestive heart failure
263
fxn of the cardiovascular system
continuous movement of blood through the body
264
normal changes due to aging in the cardiovascular system
``` heart muscle less efficient blood pumps with less force arteries lose elasticity and become narrow blood pressure increases capillaries are more fragile - bruising ```
265
what is the aorta
left ventricle pumps blood to aorta - the largest artery
266
pathway of blood through the heart
Right atrium receives blood from 2 large veins (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava Right ventricle receives blood from right atrium and pumps it to lungs through pulmonary artery Left atrium receives oxygenerated blood from left and right pulmonary veins Left ventricle pumps blood to aorta (largest artery), which delivers blood to all body parts except lungs
267
fxn of red blood cells
erythrocytes carry O2
268
fxn of white blood cells
leukocytes fight infection
269
fxn of platelets
thrombrocytes blood cloting
270
describe myocardial infarction
when the heart muscles doesn't receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death tto that are of the heart
271
describe angina pectoris
chest pain due to decreased blood flow and o2 to heart muscle
272
embolus
thrombus that breaks loose and travels through blood stream
273
thrombus
blood clot
274
phlebitis
inflammation of the lining of the vein
275
where is the mitral valve
mitral or bicuspid between left atrium and ventricle
276
TIA
Transient ischemic attack or mini stroke with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours ?
277
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
278
irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanent holes in the lung tissue
emphysema
279
a disease charaterized by difficulty breathing, wheezing, and a sense of tightness or constriction in the chest due to spasm of the muscles
asthma
280
covers larynx when swallowing preventing food from going into airway
epiglotis
281
emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis and problems, related to these diseases
COPD
282
changes in skin color, pale or bluish color of lips and extremities
cyanosis
283
segments or areas of the lung
lobes
284
involves the breathing of oxygen
inspiration
285
when carbon dioxide is expelled out of the nose and the mouth from the lungs
exhale
286
involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide
expiration
287
when air (or oxygen) is pulled in through the nose and down into the lungs
inhale
288
contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus
influenza
289
consist of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and top of trachea
upper respiratory tract
290
consist of lower trachea, bronchi, and lungs
lower respiratory tract
291
closed cavity of the body that contain the structures needed for respirations, extending from the base of the neck to the diaphragm
thorax
292
elastic, spongy, cone-shaped air filled structures involved in respiration
lungs
293
involves the breathing in of oxygen (inspiration) and the breathing out of carbon dioxide (expiration)
respiratory system
294
acute (sudden onset) inflammation of the lungs
pneumonia
295
fxns of the respiratory system
as lung inhales, air or oxygen is pulled in through the nose and into pharynx, then into the larynx, down the trachea, into each of the 2 bronchi, then into the lungs; oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide at alveoli carbon dioxide is exhaled from the lungs, into the bronchi, to the trachea, throguh the larynx, through the pharynx, and then out the nose
296
normal changes due to aging in the respiratory system
respiratory muscles weaken lung tissue gradually becomes less elastic shortness of breath upon exertion lung capacity decreases oxygen in the blood decreases muscles of the diaphragm become weaker limited expansion of the chest due to changes in posture
297
separates the chest and abdomen
diaphragm
298
Nurse aide's role cardiovascualr system
provide rest periods at intervals encourage exercise, regular movement; range of motion, when inactive prevent resident form tiring layer clothing to help with warmth
299
apnea
no breathing
300
hypoxia
decreased O2 in cells
301
hypoxemia
decreased O2 in blood
302
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
303
larynx
voicebox
304
pharynx
throat
305
trachea
windpipe
306
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
307
tuberculosis
airborne infectious bacterial disease mainly affecting the lungs
308
tubular shaped stool passed from the rectum
feces
309
passage of air or gas
flatus
310
difficulty swallowing or chewing
dysphagia
311
air or gas in the stomach or intestines
flatulence
312
located where small and large intestine meet
appendix
313
upper GI structure located in the back of the throat
pharynx
314
lower GI structures. One has three parts duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
intestines
315
enlarged veins in the anal area
hemorrhoids
316
difficulty in expelling feces, incomplete, or infrequent bowel movements hard stool inability to pass a stool
constipation
317
liquid stool
diarrhea
318
inflammation of the stomach and intestine lining
gastroenteritis
319
the food tube between the throat and the stomach
esophagus
320
also known as the digestive system, extends from the mouth to the anus, and responsible for digestion and elimination
GI system
321
what are the functions of the gastrointestinal system
digestion and elimination
322
where is the stomach located
upper gi
323
where is bile formed and stored
liver and gall bladder
324
function of the bile
breaks down fat
325
where is pepsin secreted and what does it do
stomach - degrades food proteins into peptides
326
series of wave like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract
peristalsis
327
3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunm, ileum
328
normal changes due to agin in the gi system
decreased number of taste buds slowing of peristalsis causing constipation taste and smell altered loss of bowel muscle tone, loss of sphincter muscle tone loss of teeth decrease in appetite decrease in saliva causing difficulty chewing and wallowing decreased in digestive enzymes
329
inflammation of kidney due to infection
nephritis
330
decreased ability to filter waste products
kidney failure
331
blood in the urine
hematuria
332
painful urination
dysuria
333
paired organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine
kidneys
334
inability to completely empty the bladder
retention
335
the filtering system of the body, responsible for ridding body of waste products from teh blood and producing urine
kidneys
336
a tube located between the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
337
narrow tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder
ureters
338
is a urinary tract infection
UTI
339
kidney or bladder stones
calculi
340
inability to control urination
urinary incontinence
341
inflammation of bladder due to infection
cystitis
342
muscular sac that stores the urine until it passes from the body
urinary bladder
343
made up of water, salt, and waste substance
urine
344
fxns of the urinary system
filtering system of the body, responsible for ridding body of waste products from blood
345
part of the urinary system is responsible for producing urine
kidneys
346
what is the daily urine output for the average adults
100 to 1500 ml per day
347
guards opening of the urethra
sphincter muscle
348
inflammation of kidneys due to infection
nephritis
349
normal changes due to aging in the urinary system
decreased kidneys size and ability to filter blood decreased capacity, elasticity, muscle tone of bladder decreased ability to concentrate urine enlargement of prostate in males difficulty or incomplete emptying of bladder
350
a system allows human beings to create a new hman life
reproductive system
351
weakening of wall between urethra and vagina, which leads to urinary incontinence
cystocele
352
enlargement of prostrate gland, a donut - shaped structure around the male urethra, leading to urinary dysfunction
prostatic hypertrophy
353
reporoductive structures produce sperm and testosterone
testes
354
fluid that carries the sperm cells outside teh body
semen
355
sperm leave teh body through
urethra
356
high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
357
too little thyroxin
hypothyroidism
358
secrete chemicals, called hormones that regulate bodily function
glands
359
balance
homeostasis
360
master gland
pituitary
361
disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with decreased insulin production from the pancreas
diabetes mellitus
362
too much thyroxin
hyperthyroidism
363
gland associated with metabolism
thyroid
364
system of glands that secrete chemical directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions
endocrine system
365
produces insulin
islets of langehans in the pancreas
366
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
367
when immune system attacks tissues causing redness, pain, swelling and damage
lupus
368
fxns of the endocrine system
secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream to regulate body fxns
369
normal changes in the endocrine system due to aging
levels of hormones decreased insulin production decreased body is less capable to deal with stress
370
no insulin is secreted, sudden onset, usually affects children and young adults
Type 1 IDDM
371
not enough insulin, overweight, usually over 35
Type 2 IDDM
372
normal blood glucose level range
70-110
373
s/s of hypoglycemia
``` hunger weakness trembling/shakiness headache dizziness faintness rapid pulse low bp confusion rapid and shallow respirations clumsy or jerky movements cold clammy skin + confusion unconsciousness insulin shock ```
374
s/s of hyperglycemia
``` hunger thirst + weakness very dry mouth + frequent urination + drowsiness + leg cramps flushed face + sweet breath odor + slow deep labored respirations rapid, weak pulse headache diabetic coma convulsions nausea vomiting ```
375
system defends threats both inside and outside the body
immune system
376
immune system attacks thyroid gland which causes it to secrete more thyroid hormone
grave's disease
377
disease caused by a virus and attacks the immune system and destroys infection - fighting and cancer fighting cells of the body
AIDS
378
fxns of the immune system
protects teh body from harmful infection causing germs, provide immunity from certain diseases
379
normal changes of the immune system due to aging
immune system weakens and person is more prone to getting infections person's immune system may attack itself causing disease

Nurse Aide 1 (36 decks)

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