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Comptia ITF+ > Module Fourteen (Networking) YAY!!! > Flashcards

Module Fourteen (Networking) YAY!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Define a “network”.

A

A network is two or more computer systems linked together by some form of transmission medium that enables them to share information.

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2
Q

What is “network technology”?

A

Network technology is what connects the computers.

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3
Q

What are “network clients”?

A

Computers and software that allow users to request resources shared by and hosted on servers.

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4
Q

Where are computers and software resources hosted?

A

On the server.

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5
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

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6
Q

What is a network in a single location often described?

A

LAN

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7
Q

Who usually owns and operates the equipment and cabling used on a LAN?

A

The company or organization using the LAN.

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8
Q

The definition of LAN encompasses many different types and sizes of networks. Name two of them.

A
  1. Residential networks with a couple of computers.
  2. Enterprise networks with hundreds of servers and thousands of workstations.
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9
Q

What does WAN stand for?

A

Wide Area Network.

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10
Q

What is a WAN?

A

Networks in different geographical locations, but sharing the same links.

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11
Q

Which type of network is more likely to make use of a “service provider” network?

A

WAN

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12
Q

Companies that operate national telephone networks are called what?

A

telcos

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13
Q

What is telcos short for?

A

telecommunications companies

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14
Q

Companies that specialize in providing Internet access are called what?

A

“Internet Service Providers” (ISP)

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15
Q

What does ISP stand for?

A

Internet Service Providers

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16
Q

Do Telcos operate as ISPs themselves?

A

Yes, but also they make parts of their networks available to smaller ISPs.

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17
Q

What are two things that network endpoints can be refered to as?

A
  1. nodes
  2. hosts
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18
Q

What are the two main types of local network connections?

A
  1. Wired
  2. Wireless
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19
Q

How are communication pathways implemented?

A

Adapters are installed to the host. The host is then able to transmit and receive signals and network media between the interfaces to carry the signals.

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20
Q

Describe “Wired Data”.

A

Wired data connections use cabling and either electrical signals over copper wire or light signals over fiber optic to connect nodes.

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21
Q

Most local networks use a wired network standard called what?

A

Ethernet.

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22
Q

Describe how Wireless (Wi-Fi) data works.

A

Wireless (Wi-Fi) data connections use radio signals to transmit signals over the air.

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22
Q
A
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22
Q

With Wi-FI, data connections use radio signals to transmit. What is the max range?

A

30m

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23
Q

How does a network protocol identify each host on the network?

A

By using a unique identifier.

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24
Q

A network protocol identifies each host on the network using a unique address. What else does it do?

A

It also defines a packet structure.

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25
Q

What is a packet?

A

A wrapper for each data unit that is transmitted over the network.

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26
Q

What two things does a packet generally consist of?

A
  1. header
  2. payload
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27
Q

What four things does the header indicate?

A
  1. protocol type,
  2. source address
  3. destination address
  4. error correction info etc
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28
Q

A packet generally consists of a header and a payload. What is the payload?

A

The actual data itself.

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29
Q

Networks use multiple protocols. Can the packet from one protocol be wrapped within the packet from another?

A

Yes.

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30
Q

What protocol does the overwhelming majority of networks use?

A

TCP/IP

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31
Q

What does TCP/IP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

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32
Q

When was the original research underpinning the tcp/ip performed and by whom was it performed and what did they call it?

A
  1. Late 1960’s - early 1970’s
  2. The ARPA arm of the DoD.
  3. ARPANET
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33
Q

What does DoD stand for?

A

Dept. of Defense.

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34
Q

What does ARPA stand for?

A

Advanced Research Projects Agency.

35
Q

In 1972 ARPANET connected four university sites using a system described as what?

A

packet switching network

36
Q

Prior to ARPANET’s ‘packet switching network’ how did two computers communicate with each other and what was this process called?

A
  1. A direct channel had to be opened
  2. circuit
37
Q

What did packet switching introduce?

A

The ability for one computer to forward info to another.

38
Q

What do you call a host that is capable of forwarding info to another computer?

39
Q

What is done to ensure information data packets reach the correct destination?

A

Each packet is addressed with a source and destination address and then transferred using any available pathway to the destination computer.

40
Q

Why is packet switching protocol described as robust? Tell me three things.

A

Because it can automatically recover from communication link failures.

It re-routes data packets if transmission lines are damaged or if a router fails to respond.

It can utilize any available network path rather than a single, dedicated one.

41
Q

Why is data sent using numerous small “chunks” or packets?

A

Each of the data chunks/packets are forwarded via the fastest route, but if that route isn’t available, it will be re-routed. If one of those small data chunks gets lost or damaged during transmission, the host sends the missing packets instead of resending the whole thing.

42
Q

The major benefit in utilizing tcp/ip is the wide support for the protocol. What three things use this protocol?

A
  1. It’s the primary protocol of the Internet.
  2. It’s the primary protocol of the World Wide Web.
  3. It’s the primary protocol for many private internets, which are networks that connect LANs together.
43
Q

The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. What are they?

A
  1. application
  2. transport
  3. internet
  4. link/network interface
44
Q

TCP/IP has four layers. Each layer has protocols. What are the 12 protocols for the “application layer?

A
  1. DHCP
  2. BOOTP
  3. DNS
  4. FTP
  5. HTTP
  6. URL
  7. IMAP
  8. SMTP
  9. Telnet
  10. SNMP
  11. SSL
  12. TLS
45
Q

TCP/IP has four layers. Each layer has protocols. What are the 2 protocols for the TRANSPORT layer?

46
Q

TCP/IP has four layers. Each layer has 2 protocols. What are the protocols for the INTERNET layer?

47
Q

TCP/IP has four layers. Each layer has protocols. What IS the protocols for the LINK/NETWORK INTERFACE layer?

A

Ethernet Wi-Fi.

48
Q

What tcp/ip layer is responsible for putting frames onto the physical network. This layer does not contain TCP/IP protocols as such. At this layer, different networking products and media can be used, such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Communications on this layer take place only on a local network segment and not between different networks.

A

Link/Network Interface Layer

49
Q

Data at the link layer is packaged in a unit called what?

50
Q

What tcp/ip layer encapsulates packets into Internet datagrams and deals with routing between different networks. Three key protocols are used at this layer: What are they?

A

Internet Layer
1. IP (Internet Protocol)
2. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
3. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

51
Q

What does IP stand for?

A

Internet Protocol

52
Q

What does ARP stand for?

A

Addressed Resolution Protocol

53
Q

What does ICMP stand for?

A

Internet Control Message Protocol

54
Q

What is the main protocol in the TCP/IP suite is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets between hosts and networks.

A

Internet Protocol (IP)

55
Q

What is used for hardware address resolution. Each host has a link or network interface layer address, usually called the Media Access Control (MAC) address, to identify it on the local physical network. To deliver packets, this local MAC address must be resolved to a logical IP address using ARP.

A

ARP (Addrss Resolution Protocol)

56
Q

What sends messages and reports on errors regarding packet delivery?

A

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol

57
Q

Which for the four TCP/IP layers do these protocols provide communication sessions between computers. Each application protocol is identified at the transport layer by a port number. There are two transport protocols:

A

Transport layer

58
Q

The Transport Layer is made up of two parts. Name them.

59
Q

What does TCP stand for?

A

Transmission Control Protocol

60
Q

What does UDP stand for?

A

User Datagram Protocol

61
Q

Which potion of the Transport Layer provides connection-oriented delivery. This means that the delivery is reliable and that packets are delivered in the correct sequence?

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

62
Q

Which part of the Transport Layer provides connectionless delivery – there is no guarantee that packets will arrive in the correct sequence. Any issues arising from the unreliable nature of UDP must be dealt with at the application layer. The advantage of UDP is that there is less overhead involved in processing and transmitting each packet and so it is faster than TCP.

A

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

63
Q

Which of the four TCP/IP layers is the top level of the architecture contains protocols that provide the communications formats for exchanging data between hosts, such as transmitting an email message or requesting a web page?

A

Application Layer

64
Q

What is the primary protocol responsible for the forwarding function.

A

IP (Internet Protocol)

65
Q

Tell me three things that IP is responsible for.

A
  1. For forwarding functions.
  2. Providing packet delivery for all highest-level protocols within the suite.
  3. Providing best effort delivery between hosts on a local network or within an internetwork of an unreliable and connectionless nature.
66
Q

What layer does the IP layer receive information from?

A

Transport layer

67
Q

What do you call a self-contained, independent unit of data transmitted across a network, including all necessary information (like source and destination addresses) for routing, without relying on prior connection establishment?

68
Q

The transport layer datagram is the payload what is the roll of the IP layer?

A

It adds a number of fields in a header to describe the payload and how to deliver it.

69
Q

IP PACKET STRUCTURE
What field identifies the sender of the diagram by IP address?

A

Source IP address

70
Q

IP PACKET STRUCTURE
What field identifies the destination of the datagram by IP address?

A

Destination IP address

71
Q

IP PACKET STRUCTURE
What field indicates whether the data should be passed to UDP or TCP at the destination host?

72
Q

IP PACKET STRUCTURE
Which field verifies the packet’s integrity upon arrival at the destination?

73
Q

IP PACKET STRUCTURE
Which field is the number of seconds a datagram is allowed to stay on the network before being discarded, otherwise packets could endlessly loop around a network. A router will decrease the TTL by at least one second when it handles the packet, and is required to decrement the TTL by a least the time spent in the router/

A

Time to Live

74
Q

IP PACKET STRUCTURE
What happens to the IP datagrams once all the fields have been added?

A

The IP datagrams are packaged into a suitable frame format and delivered over the local network segment.

75
Q

What is used to logically identify each device (host) on a given network.

A

IP address

76
Q

What is the value of an IP version 4 address?

A

32-bit binary value

77
Q

TO make the value of an IP address easier to enter in configuration dialogs, how is it expressed?

A

As four decimal numbers separated by periods.

78
Q

What is 172.30.15.12 an instance of?

A

An IP address.

79
Q

172.30.15.12 | This is an example of an IP address. What does each number represent? Give five different things.

A
  1. A byte value.
  2. The byte value is an eight-character binary value.
  3. Also called an octet .
  4. Decimal value between 0 and 255
  5. Referred to as dotted decimal notation.
80
Q

How many bits does IPv6 have?

81
Q

How are IPv6 addresses expressed?

A

In hexadecimal

82
Q

An IP address encodes two pieces of information. What are they?

A
  1. The network number (network ID)
  2. The host number (host ID)
83
Q

This number is common to all hosts on the same IP network.

A

The network number (network ID)

84
Q

This unique number identifies a host on a particular network of logical subnetwork.

A

The host number (host ID)

85
Q

In order to distinguish the network ID and host ID portions within an address, each host must also be configured with what two things?

A
  1. Network prefix length
  2. subnet mask.
86
Q

What is an address that is used to determine if the host is on a local network or remote network.

A

Subnet Mask

87
Q

How big is the network prefix number?

Comptia ITF+ (13 decks)

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