Module A: Justice/Retribution

Question 1

Shakespeare’s theocratic, Elizabethan audience would

Answer 1

expect justice in play and that R would pay the ultimate price for his sins by going to hell.

Question 2

why did S have to get justice/Retribution for R?

Answer 2

to reaffirm Tudor myth, as R had usurped the Lancasters, killing King Henry VI and son Prince of Wales

Question 3

Why else did S have to get justice for R (religious)?

Answer 3

to show that God will seek vengeance for anyone that goes against his will and disrupts moral order

Question 4

“Hie thee to hell for shame… Thou cacodemon! there thy kingdom is.”

Answer 4

Margaret

declarative statement, emotive language

Question 5

Margaret provides a

Answer 5

constant reminder of the current regime’s past deeds and appeals for divine retribution

Question 6

The women in the play

Answer 6

call for justice, even though they too are guilty

Question 7

“Cancel his bond of life, dear God, I plead

/That I may live to say ‘The dog is dead’”

Answer 7

Margaret

prayer

Question 8

“Cancel his bond of life, dear God, I plead

/That I may live to say ‘The dog is dead’” effect

Answer 8

Margaret’s prayer appeals to God to deliver divine retribution for R’s sins, representing the voice of justice.

Question 9

Effect :”Hie thee to hell for shame… Thou cacodemon! there thy kingdom is.”

Answer 9

Appeals to the expectations of his theocratic Elizabethan audience. Shakespeare demonstrates through Margaret’s curse that R will pay the ultimate price for his sins by going to hell, alluding to the vengeance that God will seek to restore the divine order that R has disrupted.

Question 10

ANOTHER Effect of declarative statement with emotive language: “Hie thee to hell for shame… Thou cacodemon! there thy kingdom is.”

Answer 10

reiterates Tudor myth as well as R’s death and demise, providing the audience with the retribution they wanted.

Question 11

Clarence also introduces

Answer 11

notion of paying for his sins, having betrayed the Lancasters for the Yorks.

Question 12

Through the retribution Clarence and R receive what does S allude to?

Answer 12

philosophic fatalism, the inescapability of the consequences of our actions.

Question 13

“I have done those things which now give evidence against my soul”

Answer 13

Clarence

personification of sins

Question 14

Clarence

personification of sins

Answer 14

“I have done those things which now give evidence against my soul”

Question 15

Effect: “I have done those things which now give evidence against my soul”

Answer 15

S introduces notion of paying for your sins through Clarence’s fear of death. Clarence’s betrayal of the Lancaster’s for the Yorks was understood by the audience and thus S delivered them with the justice they expected.

Question 16

Having Richmond crowned would

Answer 16

please Elizabethan audience and provide them with a sense of justice, as R continues to pay for his sins in the afterlife.

Question 17

Ghost scene in Act V a

Answer 17

physical reminder that R must pay for his sins.

Question 18

“God and good angels fight on Richmond’s side

And Richard falls in height of all his pride”

Answer 18

rhyming couplet with juxtaposed imagery

Question 19

rhyming couplet with juxtaposed imagery

Answer 19

“God and good angels fight on Richmond’s side

And Richard falls in height of all his pride”

Question 20

“God and good angels fight on Richmond’s side

And Richard falls in height of all his pride”

Answer 20

evidences R’s fear of death ‘for hateful deeds committed’ by him as he believes he will face an eternity in hell.
S conveys notion of philosophic fatalism- even in afterlife you can’t escape consequences of your actions

Question 21

evidences R’s fear of death ‘for hateful deeds committed’ by him as he believes he will face an eternity in hell.
S conveys notion of philosophic fatalism- even in afterlife you can’t escape consequences of your actions

Answer 21

“God and good angels fight on Richmond’s side

And Richard falls in height of all his pride”

Question 22

P avoids many concepts of divine justice represented in the play, as well as the notion of retribution in the after life to

Answer 22

simplify the theme for his audience, maintaining accessibility.

Question 23

Instead, Pacino only presents a straight forward depiction of

Answer 23

good versus evil, conveying a basic notion of retribution and justice.

Question 24

This recognised his secular society and that

Answer 24

a modern US audience would not recognise the significance of divine retribution.

Question 25

In ignoring many concepts of divine justice represented in the play, as well as the notion of retribution in the after life,

Answer 25

Pacino reduces the significance of certain parts of the play:
The Ghost’s warnings are less significant, as are the curses.

Question 26

The omission of Clarence’s and Margaret’s sinful past (as well as her diminished role) means

Answer 26

they are not represented as figures of justice. This means the film loses some of the play’s meaning.

Question 27

In looking at S and Pacino’s portrayals of justice and retribution we

Answer 27

realise the effects of their respective morally absolute and morally relative society’s on their artistry and their construction of their texts.

Question 28

voice over of Pacino, with colloquial, informal language

Answer 28

“This guy, Richmond, his family were the losers in the war… (to get justice he will) get the throne back for the house of Lancaster.”

Question 29

Effect “This guy, Richmond, his family were the losers in the war… (to get justice he will) get the throne back for the house of Lancaster.”

Answer 29

conveys Pacino’s basic portrayal of the theme.

Question 30

chiaroscuro lighting, symbolism

Answer 30

Richmond’s face in light praying in the Church

Question 31

chiaroscuro lighting, symbolism Richmond’s face in light praying in the Church EFFECT

Answer 31

reiterates Richmond as a good/hero, appealing to the religious values of his theocratic audience.

Question 32

Low angle shot

Answer 32

Richmond’s violent execution of Richard

Question 33

EFFECT: Low angle shot of Richmond’s violent execution of Richard

Answer 33

effectively conveys the retribution and justice for Richard who appears vulnerable. This also appeases a modern audience’s desire for graphic scenes in film in which they would likely advocate for such violence as a way of achieving justice.