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SPA 3030 > Module 9C : The inner Ear > Flashcards

Module 9C : The inner Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The innear ear is in the _____portion of the temporal bone? It is the ______ bone in the body.

A

Petrous –hardest

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2
Q

The scala media is seperated from the scale Vestibuli by the _____membrane. The scale media is also seperated from the Scale Tympani by the ______ membrane.

A

Resinner’s membrane //Basilar membrane

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3
Q

The inner ear is responsible for our sense of :

a) sense of direction and balance
b) sense of hearing and balance
c) sense of hearing and cranial protection
d) cranial protection and balance

A

b) sense of hearing and balance

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4
Q

What is the sensory organ for hearing?

A

The Cochlea

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5
Q

what system is posterior to the cochlea?

A

Vestibular organs

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6
Q

The Vestibular organs is composed of all of what three things?

A

Semicircular canals
Utricle
Saccule

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7
Q

Which of the vestibular organs sense rotational motion of the head ?

a) Saccule
b) Anterior Buccle canal
c) Semicircular canals
d) Utricle

A

c) Semicircular canals

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8
Q

Which of the vestibular organs detects linear motion in the vertical plane (such as gravitational forces when you travel up or down in an elevator)?

a) Saccule
b) Anterior Buccle canal
c) Semicircular canals
d) Utricle

A

a) Saccule

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9
Q

Which of the vestibular organs detects acceleration and deceleration of the head?

a) Saccule
b) Anterior Buccle canal
c) Semicircular canals
d) Utricle

A

d) Utricle

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10
Q

If we take a slice through the center of the cochlea, we can see the structure within. The cochlea wraps around a center strcuture called the ____two and a half times?

a) Renotis Saccule
b) Anterior Buccle canal
c) Modiolus
d) Posterior Buccle Canal

A

c) Modiolus

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11
Q

What houses the cell bodies of auditory nerves which take information to the brain from the cochlea?

a) Renotis Saccule
b) Anterior Buccle canal
c) Modiolus
d) Posterior Buccle Canal

A

c) Modiolus

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12
Q

The collection of cell bodies of the auditory nerve is called :

a) Renotis Saccule
b) Anterior Buccle nerves
c) Spiral ganglion
d) Anterior ganglion Saccule

A

c) Spiral ganglion

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13
Q

The cochlea is divided into three chambers . These three chambers are ?

A

scala Media
Scala Vestibuli
Scala Tympani

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14
Q

The scala Tympani and the Scala Vestibuli are filled with a fluid called?

a) Flonolymph
b) Merilymph
c) Endolymph
d) Perilymph

A

d) Perilymph

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15
Q

What part of the cochlea chamber is sometimes referred to as the cohlear duct?

A

The scala media

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16
Q

The sensory cells responsible for heading are located in what cochlea chamber?

a) scala Media
b) Scala Vestibuli
c) Scala Tympani

A

a) scala Media

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17
Q

The scala media is filled with a fluid called?

a) Flonolymph
b) Merilymph
c) Endolymph
d) Perilymph

A

c) Endolymph

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18
Q

What fluid is more similiar to the fluid that is outside out cell bodies?

A) Endolymph
B) Perilymph

A

B) Perilymph ( which is inside the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani)

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19
Q

What organ contains the sensory cells that amplify sound and send signals to the brain about the frequency and amplitude of sound?

a) Corti
b) Cappicle
c) Incus
d) Tympani

A

a) Corti

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20
Q

What membrane has special properties that tune the Corti Organ to different points along the length of the cochlea?

A

Basilar Membrane

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21
Q

What word means: The Basilar Membrane is organized by frequency. This is called

a) Tonotopically
b) Monotopically
c) Bitopically
d) Cronotopically

A

a) Tonotopically

22
Q

The basilar membrane is covered in over 20,000 fibers that get longer the farther down the membrane you go. The fibers at the base of the choclea are _____ and the fibers at the apex are_____.

The fibers resonate at different frequencies. The base vibrates with ______ and the apex vibrates at___ frequencies.

A

The base is short and stiff and the apex is longer and loser.

base=high frequencies
apex=low frequencies

23
Q

The traveling wave theory was discovered by George Von Bekesy and his theory deals with how:

A

The energy travels through the cochlea and vibrated the basilar membrane

24
Q

Describe in detail Von Beskesy’s findings:

A
  1. Vibrations of the stapes footplate set up pressure waves in the cohlea
  2. A pressure wave travels through the cochlea, displacing the basilar membrane
  3. The wave peaks in amplitude at the point along the BM with ideal stifness for that frequency
  4. Any leftover energy in the wave is dissipated (damped ) and the wave travels no further
25
Q

But nothing is getting heard until something tells the brain whats going on. And the transduction of sound begins when part of the membrane moves and the fibers there tickle the ORGAN OF CORTI.

In a healthy Cochlea, there are approximately______outer hair cells

A

12,000

26
Q

The three rows of active cells that change their shape in response to the pressure waves passing through the cochlea are called? They are tuned to react to specific frequencies

A

Outer hair cells (OHC)

27
Q

What is on the exposed surface of the outer hair cells:

a) incus mucus
b) Stereocilla
c) Carponitus Mucus
d) Rednit Mucus

A

b) Stereocilla

28
Q

When the Stereocilla becomes bent, it opens up a channel in the outer hair cell that _______the cell. The cell shrinks which causes the basilar membrane to move up. As the basilar membrane slowly goes back down, the cell elongates.

A

depolarizes

29
Q

The outer hair cells and the basilar membrane are tuned to the same frequency. The outer hair cells AMPLIFY the frequency specific response. The motion of the outer hair cell is responsible for about ___dB of our hearing sensitivity.

a) 20 dB
b) 33 dB
c) 6 dB
d) 50 dB

A

d) 50 dB

30
Q

The most common type of permanent hearing loss occurs when?

A

Their is damage to the outer hair cells.

31
Q

What are the sensory cells of the auditory system?

a) the outer hair cells
b) the inner hair cells
c) the Carponitus cells
d) Rednit Cells

A

b) the inner hair cells

32
Q

The function of the inner hair cell is to transduce the sound energy from pressure waves in the fluids of the cochlea into?

A

electrochemical energy that is transmitted to the brain for processing.

33
Q

True or false: there are approximately 100 inner hair cells that are lined up in pairs along the cochlea?

A

False. There are approximately 3500 inner hair cells that are lined up along the cochlea

34
Q

Which one of the balance system provides information about the position of the head in relation to the gravitational forces around us?

A

Vestibular system

35
Q

As stated before , the Vestibular system provides information about the position of the head in relation to the gravitational forces around us. It is composed of what?

a) Semicircular canals, the utricle, and the incus
b) The incus the Semicircular canals and the somatosensory nerves
c) The somatosensory nerves, the Semicircular canals and the Utricle
d) The Utricle, the Incus and the Somatosensory nervces
e) The semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule

A

e) The semicircular canals, the utricle, and the saccule

36
Q

The vestibular system is located _____ to the cochlea in the inner ear?

A

Posterior

37
Q

True or false: The shared fluids in the cochlea and the vestibular system can create pressure waves that are large enough to stimulate both the auditory and the vestibular system.

A

True

38
Q

We have three semicircular canals on each side of our head. A human can function with only 4 canals if need be. True or false.

A

false. all six are needed for full function.

39
Q

These three different head movements: Yaw, rolling, and pitch are sensed by ?

A

the fluid through the canals.

40
Q

What is the enlarged area of the Vestibular system that is responsible for sensing ?

a) Ampulla
b) Cristae
c) Cupula
d) Endolymph

A

a) Ampulla

41
Q

Inside the Ampulla (which is located in the Vestibular system –which helps us keep balance) there is a strcuture that gets pushed to one sided or the other when fluids moves through the canals. This is called:

a) Ampulla
b) Cristae
c) Cupula
d) Endolymph

A

c) Cupula

42
Q

The Vestibular system sensory cells are hair cells. The stereocilla on the hair cells in the Vestibular system include a longer stiffer stereocilla called a ?

A

Kinocillium

43
Q

When the Cupula is being pushed to one side by the movement of the fluid in the canal, the sterocilla?

A

deflect

44
Q

The hair cells in the Vestibular system fire when the sterocilla bend in one direction. When do they stop firing?

A

When they are bent in the opposite direction. The messages are sent to the brain via the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve.

45
Q

The sensory organs of the Sacule and the utricle of the vestibular system are called?

a) otoliths
b) Maculae
c) Cupula
d) Endolymph

A

b) Maculae

46
Q

The sensory hair cells in the utricle and saccule are embedded in a gel like material called:

a) otoliths membrane
b) Maculae membrane
c) Cupula membrane
d) Endolymph membrane

A

a) otoliths membrane

47
Q

Ontop of the Otoliths membrane are tiny crystals of calcium carbonate called

a) Otoliths cystalis
b) Maculae Cystalis
c) Otoliths
d) Maculae

A

c) Otoliths

48
Q

True or false: eye movement can be used to diagnose problems in the vestibular system

A

true

49
Q

The Otoliths crystals are responsbile for ?

A

weighing down the otolith membrane so that any motion is amplified by the weight on the surface.

50
Q

The saccules detect what kind of motion? The utricle detects what kind of motion?

A

The saccule detects up and down motion. The utricle detects foreard and backward motion (like in a car)

SPA 3030 (11 decks)

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