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SPA 3030 > Module 9B: The Middle ear > Flashcards

Module 9B: The Middle ear Flashcards

1
Q

The middle ear is an air filled cavity in the temporal bone. True or false

A

True

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2
Q

The lateral border of the middle ear is the :

a) temporal bone
b) the ear meatus
c) The tympanic memebrane
d) the Incus

A

c) The tympanic memebrane

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3
Q

What is moved by the pressure waves of sound in the middle ear?

A

The tympanic memebrane

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4
Q

The vibrations that move the tympanic membrane are transmitted to the three bones collectively called the ? Name the bones.

A

Ossicles

  1. Malleus
  2. The incus
  3. The stapes
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5
Q

What are the two muscles in the middle ear that function to help reduce the level of LOUD sounds before they reach the inner ear?

A

The stapedius muscle

The tensor Tympanic

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6
Q

The ossicles are suspended in the middle ear by?

A

ligaments

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7
Q

What muscles attaches to the malleus bone?

A

The Tensor Tympanic muscle

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8
Q

What muscles attaches to the stapes bone ?

A

The Stapedius muscle

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9
Q

contraction of the Stapedius muscle and the tensor tympanic muscle is an involuntary reflex in response to?

A

Loud sounds.

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10
Q

What tube is located at the base of the middle ear space and connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx (upper throat+ nasal cavity)?

A

The Eustachian Tube

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11
Q

What is very important in maintaining the health of the middle ear?

A

The Eustachian Tube

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12
Q

The tympanic membrane is commonly refereed to as the?

A

Ear Drum

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13
Q

The tympanic membrane and the tip of the Incus attach at the middle of the tympanic membrane to allow the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the bones of the middle ear. True or false.

A

False: The tympanic membrane and the tip of the MALLEUS attach at the middle of the tympanic membrane to allow the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic memebrane to the bones of the middle ear.

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14
Q

What facial nerve serve no function in the auditory sysem but can be an indicatior of a problem in the middle ear as it carries some taste sensation to the brain:

a) The Malleus IV nerve
b) The Incus Byran Nerve
c) The Corda Tympani Nerve
d) The Stapes Tympanic Nerve

A

c) The Corda Tympani Nerve

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15
Q

The tympanic membrane transmits vibrations to the middle ear through its connection with the Malleus bone. The malleus and tympanic membrane are attached at the center of the tympanic membrane at a point called the?

A

Umbo

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16
Q

What is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

The Stapes

17
Q

What bones transfers the vibration of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear:

a) The stapes
b) the Malleus
c) The Incus
d) all of them

A

All of them

18
Q

The imbalance shape of the malleus and the incus bones help to :

a) keep foreign objects out
b) help to magnify their movement
c) help to transfer the sound easily to the Stapes

A

b) help to magnify their movement

19
Q

Look at the middle ear Oscilles picture in your photos

A

=D

20
Q

How long is the Eustachian tube?

A

3.5 cm long

21
Q

What extends from the middle ear to an opening in the back of the throat that helps drain out fluids?

A

The eustachian Tube

22
Q

Why is it hard for infants and toddles to drain fluids out of the middle ear?

A

Because the Eustachian Tube is horizontal..Where as for adults, the Eustachian tube is tilted down at an almost 45 degree angle.

23
Q

The middle ear serves two primary functions. What are they.

A
  1. Transducer: Changes sound energy from pressure vibrations to mechanical vibrations.
  2. It amplifies sound to overcome the impedancce mismatch between the air around us and the fluid in our inner ear.
24
Q

Do you remember what happens when two mediums have an impedance?

A

Some of the sound bounces back and does not transmit through the second medium.

25
Q

The impedance mismatch between the air around us and the fluids in our inner ear would result in a loss of ___dB

A

30

26
Q

Let’s look at how the middle ear functions to amplify sound and overcome the impedance mismatch between air and the fluid in our inner ear. the middle ear compensates for the impedance mismatch between the air around us and the fluid in our inner ear by three different mechanisms. Name them

A

Ratio mechanism, the ossicular lever mechanism, and the curved mechanism

27
Q

The gain created by these mechanism help to compensates for the ___dB loss of energy dye to the ______ ______ between air and cochlear fluids.

A

The gain created by these mechanism help to compensates for the 30 DB loss of energy dye to the IMPEDANCE MISMATCH between air and cochlear fluids.

28
Q

WHICH OF THE OSSICLES CONNECTS TO THE OVAL WINDOW?

A) INCUS
B) STAPES
C) MALLEUS

A

B) STAPES

29
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE IMPEDANCE MATCHING IS THE AREA RATIO MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR?

A) 2 DB
B) 6 DB
C) 30 DB
D) 33 DB
E) 25 DB
A

E) 25 DB

30
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IMPEDANCE MATCHING MECHANISMS INVOLVE THE TYMPANIC MEMBRANE ( SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A) CURVED MECHANISM
B) LEVEL ACTION MECHANISM
C) PRESSURE MECHANISM
D) AREA RATIO MECHANISM

A

A) CURVED Mechanism

D) AREA RATIO MECHANISM

31
Q

THE TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE MIDDLE EAR TO THE BACK OF THE THROAT IS CALLED THE :

A) EUSTACHIAN TUBE
B) EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS
C) INNER AUDITORY MEATUS
D) THROAT CANAL

A

A) EUSTACHIAN TUBE

32
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE IMPEDANCE MATCHING IS THE CURVED MEMBRANE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR?

A) 2 DB
B) 6 DB
C) 30 DB
D) 33 DB
E) 25 DB
A

B) 6 DB

33
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE IMPEDANCE MATCHING IS THE OSSICULAR LEVER ACTION MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR?

A) 2 DB
B) 6 DB
C) 30 DB
D) 33 DB
E) 25 DB
A

A) 2 DB

34
Q

Together, these three mechanism in the middle ear provide a gain of ?

A

33 DB

SPA 3030 (11 decks)

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