MODULE 9: The outer Ear Flashcards
What system is responsible for sensing and coding sound ?
Peripheral auditory system
** this is what we will be concentrating on in this class
What system is responsible for processing sound and deriving meaning from it?
central auditory system
The peripheral system is divided into three section: What are they?
The outer, middle and inner ear
The outer ear is called?
The Pinna (Auricle)
The passageway into the body is known as the ?
External auditory Meatus or the EAR CANAL
All of the ridges and valleys on your outer ear (PINNA):
a) create resonance that affect the amplitude of sound
b) protect the ear from foreign objects to enter the ear
a) create resonance that affect the amplitude of sound
The Pinna is composed primarly of?
cartilage
Whether the sound resonantes or is reflected depends on the angle from which the sound is coming at the ear. True or false?
TRUE
Which part of the Pinna has the largest effects on the amplitude spectrum of incoming sound?
The CONCHA
Your head creates a shadow called?
head shadow
The head shadow is only effected by what kinds of sounds?
high frequency sounds
Sounds with wavelengths shorter than the width of your head also produce a head shadow..EXCEPT, that the ear on the side of your head closest to the source of sound?
Hears the sound best. The other ear experiences the sound greatly reduced in amplitude
For most people, frequencies above ______HZ are affected by the head shadow.
1600
The meatus (aka the ear canal) ends at the ?
Ear drum
The resonances of the ear canal increases sound levels for frequencies between ____-____HZ, with a peak gain of __db at _____-____HZ
2000-5000 HZ
15 db
3000-4000 HZ
The outer ONE THIRD of the ear is composed of?
cartilage with hair follicles and ceruminous glands that produce cerumen (aka ear wax)
True or false: The cerumen ( Ear wax) lubricates the ear, helps to remove dead skin cells and changes the pH level of the ear canal to be slightly more acidic.
True
The inner two thirds of the ear canal is encases in the ____ bone of the skull and is on the edge of the ___(2)____ joint.
- temporal bone
2. temporo-mandibular joint
What shows changes in sound level due to the presence of the head, pinna, ear canal , shoulders and chest as a function of frequency ?
HEAD-RELATED TRANSFER FUNCTION (HRTF)
What is used for sound localization when two ears are present?
Binaural cues
What reduces sound levels (( at the far ear)) for frequencies ABOVE 1600 HZ when the source is on the opposite side of the head.
The head shadow effect
What increases sound levels for frequencies between 2000-5000 HZ, with a peak gain of 15 dB at 3000-4000 HZ?
a) head shadow effect
b) ear canal resonance
c) pinna effects
b) Earl canal Resonance
What alters the amount of gain for frequencies greater than 4000 HZ?
The pinna
What is the ridge along the outer edge of the pinna called:
1) tragus
2) helix
3) concha
4) external auditory meatus
5) Lobe
4) external auditory meatus
The head shadow effect increases the level of some sounds on the side of the head opposite of the sound source :
True or false
False
Which of the following statements about the head related transfer function is false:
a) the head related transfer function includes effects from the torso, shoulder, head, pinna, and ear canal
b) the head related transfer function varies from person to person
c) the head related transfer function is the same, no matter what direction the sound is coming from
d) The amount of gain or loss to sound varies by frequency
c) the head related transfer function is the same, no matter what direction the sound is coming from
