Module 9a Flies Flashcards
general fly info
large and diverse order of highly evolved insects
not much medical importance
greatest impact on humans and animals
Fly order and meaning
Order Diptera
“two-wings”
Fly suborders
- Suborder Nematocera: long, threadlike antennae
2. Suborder Brachycera: shorter antennae
general fly anatomy
wings arise from mesothorax
halteres (knob-like modified metathoracic second wings)
well developed compound eyes
fly life history
holometabolous (egg - larva - pupa - adult)
various types of birth (oviparous, larviparous, pupiparous)
various feeding strategies (autogenous and anautogenous)
oviparous definition
usual method of reproduction
laying eggs that later hatch into larvae
larviparous definition
larvae hatch internally, female lays early install larvae
pupiparous definition
larva retained in fly “uterus” until ready to pupate
autogenous definition
females of many species can produce a batch of eggs without flood meal
anautogenous
must have blood meal before maturing a batch of eggs
sand flies and moth flies family
Family Psychodidae
general family Psychodidae info
suborder Nematocera (long antennae)
very small and hairy
adults occur in moist, shady places
subfamily Psychodinae
Moth Flies
non-biting, found in sewer systems, not medically important
subfamily Phelobotminae
Sand Flies
major vectors for variety of diseases
sand fly anatomy
humped thorax long, stilt-like legs short proboscis females: telmophages males: can't pierce skin so feed off female's wounds
Bartonellosis
pathogen: Bartonella bacilliformis
vector: Sand fly
disease symptoms:
1. oroya fever: acute, anemia (can be fatal)
2. Peruvian warts: nodular eruptions on face/limbs (usually not fatal)
leishmaniasis
complex of diseases that depends on species
host: humans
vector: sand flies (phelobotomus and lutzomyia spp)
pathogen: Leishmania spp
leishmaniasis transmission cycle
- pathogen ingested w/ blood meal by sand fly
- multiplies in hindgut
- migrates to midgut and into esophagus
- found in mouthparts and are introduced to human during feeding
cutaneous leishmaniasis
initial lesion at bite site
new regions are affected as sore spreads
mucocutaneous/nasopharyngeal Leishmaniasis
causes disfiguring damage to face
lesions of mucous membranes of nose, mouth, and pharynx
visceral leishmaniasis
“kala-azar” or “dumdum fever”
inconspicuous lesion at bite site
parasite in circulatory system
chronic fever, wasting, distended abdomen
control of sand fly
leishmaniasis not of such importance to consider widespread vector control
insect repellant, protective clothing, insect nets
horse and deer flies taxonomy and characteristics
family Tabanidae large bodies colorful eyes (sexually dimorphic) antennae extend anteriorly veins in wings form V
sexually dimorphism of horse and deer flies
males: eyes touch and don’t feed on blood
females: scissor-like mouthparts, telmophages, anautogenous (need blood meal)
horse flies characteristics
clear wings, large bodies
serious nuisance to livestock
not major vectors of human diseases
important genera: Tabanus and Hybomitra
deer flies characteristics
banded wings, smaller bodies
frequently attack humans
important genus: Chrysops
vector diseases: Loiasis and Tularemia
tularemia
Rabbit Fever or Deerfly Fever bacteria: Francisella tularensis vector: Chrysops discalis (deer fly) also transmitted by rabbits, ingestion/inhalation, or ticks disease: lesions with pink pit, sepsis
loiasis
parasite: loa loa (African eye worm)
vector: Chrysops spp
disease: calaber swellings, pain from nematode moving in the eye or nose, throughout whole body
