Module 9a Flies

Question 1

general fly info

Answer 1

large and diverse order of highly evolved insects
not much medical importance
greatest impact on humans and animals

Question 2

Fly order and meaning

Answer 2

Order Diptera

“two-wings”

Question 3

Fly suborders

Answer 3

1. Suborder Nematocera: long, threadlike antennae

2. Suborder Brachycera: shorter antennae

Question 4

general fly anatomy

Answer 4

wings arise from mesothorax
halteres (knob-like modified metathoracic second wings)
well developed compound eyes

Question 5

fly life history

Answer 5

holometabolous (egg - larva - pupa - adult)
various types of birth (oviparous, larviparous, pupiparous)
various feeding strategies (autogenous and anautogenous)

Question 6

oviparous definition

Answer 6

usual method of reproduction

laying eggs that later hatch into larvae

Question 7

larviparous definition

Answer 7

larvae hatch internally, female lays early install larvae

Question 8

pupiparous definition

Answer 8

larva retained in fly “uterus” until ready to pupate

Question 9

autogenous definition

Answer 9

females of many species can produce a batch of eggs without flood meal

Question 10

anautogenous

Answer 10

must have blood meal before maturing a batch of eggs

Question 11

sand flies and moth flies family

Answer 11

Family Psychodidae

Question 12

general family Psychodidae info

Answer 12

suborder Nematocera (long antennae)
very small and hairy
adults occur in moist, shady places

Question 13

subfamily Psychodinae

Answer 13

Moth Flies

non-biting, found in sewer systems, not medically important

Question 14

subfamily Phelobotminae

Answer 14

Sand Flies

major vectors for variety of diseases

Question 15

sand fly anatomy

Answer 15

humped thorax
long, stilt-like legs
short proboscis
females: telmophages
males: can't pierce skin so feed off female's wounds

Question 16

Bartonellosis

Answer 16

pathogen: Bartonella bacilliformis
vector: Sand fly
disease symptoms:
1. oroya fever: acute, anemia (can be fatal)
2. Peruvian warts: nodular eruptions on face/limbs (usually not fatal)

Question 17

leishmaniasis

Answer 17

complex of diseases that depends on species

host: humans
vector: sand flies (phelobotomus and lutzomyia spp)
pathogen: Leishmania spp

Question 18

leishmaniasis transmission cycle

Answer 18

1. pathogen ingested w/ blood meal by sand fly
2. multiplies in hindgut
3. migrates to midgut and into esophagus
4. found in mouthparts and are introduced to human during feeding

Question 19

cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 19

initial lesion at bite site

new regions are affected as sore spreads

Question 20

mucocutaneous/nasopharyngeal Leishmaniasis

Answer 20

causes disfiguring damage to face

lesions of mucous membranes of nose, mouth, and pharynx

Question 21

visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 21

“kala-azar” or “dumdum fever”
inconspicuous lesion at bite site
parasite in circulatory system
chronic fever, wasting, distended abdomen

Question 22

control of sand fly

Answer 22

leishmaniasis not of such importance to consider widespread vector control
insect repellant, protective clothing, insect nets

Question 23

horse and deer flies taxonomy and characteristics

Answer 23

family Tabanidae
large bodies
colorful eyes (sexually dimorphic)
antennae extend anteriorly
veins in wings form V

Question 24

sexually dimorphism of horse and deer flies

Answer 24

males: eyes touch and don’t feed on blood
females: scissor-like mouthparts, telmophages, anautogenous (need blood meal)

Question 25

horse flies characteristics

Answer 25

clear wings, large bodies
serious nuisance to livestock
not major vectors of human diseases
important genera: Tabanus and Hybomitra

Question 26

deer flies characteristics

Answer 26

banded wings, smaller bodies
frequently attack humans
important genus: Chrysops
vector diseases: Loiasis and Tularemia

Question 27

tularemia

Answer 27

Rabbit Fever or Deerfly Fever
bacteria: Francisella tularensis
vector: Chrysops discalis (deer fly)
also transmitted by rabbits, ingestion/inhalation, or ticks
disease: lesions with pink pit, sepsis

Question 28

loiasis

Answer 28

parasite: loa loa (African eye worm)
vector: Chrysops spp
disease: calaber swellings, pain from nematode moving in the eye or nose, throughout whole body