Module 7 True Bugs

Question 1

true bugs general info

Answer 1

Order Hemiptera

• largest hemimetabola order of insects
• mostly ectoparasites
• major crop pests

Question 2

homoptera

Answer 2

aphids, cicadas, leafhoppers
“same wing”
hold wings roof like
sap plant feeders

Question 3

heteroptera

Answer 3

stink bugs, kissing bugs
“half wing”
hold wings flat on abdomen
some sap feeders and all blood feeders

Question 4

heteroptera anatomy

Answer 4

forewing is half leathery, halt membranous

hindwing is completely membranous

Question 5

probosics

Answer 5

sucking mouthpart of heteroptera (inserts this to feed)

has 3 segmented labium which encloses the stylets

Question 6

kissing bugs taxonomy

Answer 6

family Reduviidae
subfamily Triatominae

*Triatoma infestans

Question 7

triatomine anatomy

kissing bugs

Answer 7

long snout-like head
aposomatic coloring (mainly black with red/orange spots)
connexivum (contrasting pattern around abdomen)
abdomen in membranous so it can expand

Question 8

triatomine life history

Answer 8

hemimetabolous (egg - X5 nymph - adult)
life cycle last 1-2 years
nymph lacks wings and require blood meal to molt

Question 9

sylvatic

Answer 9

behavior in which triatomine feeds on wild animals and inhabit natural hiding places

Question 10

peridomestic

Answer 10

behavior in which triatomine feeds on domestic animals and uses their enclosure for shelter

Question 11

domestic

Answer 11

behavior in which triatomine is dependent on humans (or pets) for blood/shelter

Question 12

chagas disease

Answer 12

parasite: Trypanosoma cruzi
vectors: *triatoma infestans (kissing bugs), Rhodium prollixus, Panstrongylus megistus
affects mostly poor people

Question 13

transmission cycle for chagas disease

Answer 13

parasite Trypanosoma cruzi infects feces of kissing bug which is then rubbed into wounds
also can be passed from mother to baby, thru blood transfusion, or organ transplants

Question 14

acute chagas disease

Answer 14

begins with swelling at parasite entry point (Romana’s sign)

subcutaneous and muscular development of parasite which then enters the bloodstream

Question 15

chronic chagas disease

Answer 15

damage to heart muscle, dizziness, chest pains, weakness, fatigue
infected person causes a social and economic burden on family
symptoms make take years to show

Question 16

prevention and control of kissing bugs

Answer 16

improved housing, insecticides, blood/organ screening, medicines

Question 17

bed bugs taxonomy

Answer 17

family cimicidae
3 human species:
*cimex lectularius
cimix hemipterus
leptocimex boueti

Question 18

bed bug anatomy

Answer 18

small, dorso-ventrally flattened
stylets/proboscis (piercing mouthparts)
wingless

Question 19

bed bug life history

Answer 19

mating style is traumatic insemination
hemimetabolous (egg - X5 nymph - adult)
nymphs are translucent until blood meal

Question 20

bed bug behavior / ecology

Answer 20

hide in cracks / crevices, mattresses, furniture
not related to sanitation
can live up to a year without feeding

Question 21

public health importance of bed bugs

Answer 21

can transmit 27 human pathogens thru mechanical transmission (but not know for it)
unpleasant bite reactions
emotional trauma