Module 9 - Motivation Flashcards
What is the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment?
A famous research study in which children were offered a choice between one marshmallow now or two marshmallows later. The study found that children who were able to delay gratification tended to have better life outcomes later in life.
Define motivation in a broad sense
The energy we put into accomplishing something. Many psychological and social factors contribute to this energy and action.
Contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Extrinsic motivation comes from external factors such as rewards or punishments.
Intrinsic Motivation comes from within, satisfying basic psychological needs: feeling competent, belonging, and having self-control
Which type of motivation is the most powerful and enduring?
Intrinsic motivation.
According to Wlodkowski, what is the professional responsibility of an Instructional Designer regarding motivation?
Every instructional plan should also be a motivational plan
Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A humanistic theory of motivation. People are motivated by a series of needs, starting with basic physiological needs (food, water, shelter, safety) before moving on to higher-level needs (love, belonging, esteem, self-actualization). Basic needs must be met before higher-level needs can be addressed
When do individuals become “self-determined” according to Ryan and Deci’s Self-Determination Theory?
When their needs for competence, connection, and autonomy are fulfilled.
What are Houle’s three types of learner motivation?
Goal-oriented: Learning is a means to an end (often extrinsic)
Activity-oriented: Learning is for social interaction (intrinsic social needs)
Learning-oriented: Learning for the sake of learning (intrinsic)
What does the ARCS model stand for?
Attention: Capturing and sustaining learner attention
Relevance: Connecting learning to learner needs
Confidence: Fostering belief in achievable success
Satisfaction: Ensuring positive feelings about learning through clear objectives, aligned rewards, and helpful feedback
What is a critical factor for learner motivation in online environments?
Relevance. Also, instructors play a key role by providing support and detailed feedback. Gamified content can also boost motivation.
List practical steps for applying motivation principles in learning design
Know and consider learners’ needs and attributes
Balance the many with the few (address common and unique needs)
Ask key questions
What are the learners’ needs and attributes?
What are common needs? Any unique ones?
How do these needs and attributes connect to motivational principles?
