Module 8 - Behaviorism Flashcards
What is the definition of Classical Conditioning?
Classical conditioning is when we learn to connect something new with a reaction we already have to something else.
A dog naturally salivates when it sees food (unconditioned response to food). If you ring a bell (new stimulus) every time before giving the dog food, eventually the dog will start salivating just from hearing the bell (conditioned response to the bell).
What two psychologists are credited with the theory of behaviorism?
John Watson and B.F. Skinner
What is operant conditioning?
The process where behavior is positively rewarded will likely continue and is, therefore, “learned,” while behavior that is negatively reinforced or punished will likely cease to continue (extinction) and is, therefore, “not learned.
What are performance objectives?
Performance objectives are highly behavioral and characterize (1) what the learner is expected to be able to do or produce (behavior), (2) the conditions under which the performance is expected to occur (reinforcement), and (3) the level of competence that should be achieved
Why are shorter training sessions with clearer goals the best way to develop new skills faster?
Due to “attention economy”, or our finite capacity to maintain attention, it is more effective to train for 100% effort over less time, than at 70% effort for a longer period
how, can you leverage errors to optimize learning?
Errors cue the nervous system for neuroplasticity
What is the transfer of training?
The extent to which the learning that results from a training experience transfers to the job and leads to meaningful changes in work performance.
What are three things that enhance the successful transfer and application of training?
Work climate, support, and work constraints.
Work climate:
Example: If a workplace values learning and encourages employees to use new skills, people are more likely to apply what they’ve learned from training.
Constraints:
Example: If an employee doesn’t have the right tools or time to practice their new skills, it’s harder for them to apply the training.
Support:
Example: If a manager offers feedback and guidance after training, the employee feels more confident and is more likely to use the new skills on the job.
What are some ways to enhance memory retention?
Increasing the number of task repetitions, testing during training, spaced practice, and using a variety of equipment during training
Professionals can apply the principles of behaviorism in the following ways:
What should learning objectives specify?
Learning objectives should clearly and measurably specify what learners will be able to do or demonstrate after instruction
How does behaviorism support structured learning?
Behaviorism supports the idea that learning is an accumulation of small, observable behaviors, so instruction should be designed in sequences to guide learners through this step-by-step process
Why is it important to include opportunities for practice and repetition?
Behaviorism suggests that repeated practice strengthens the association between stimuli and responses, leading to more automatic and enduring learning
Why should learners be presented with models or examples of desired behaviors?
Observing others can serve as a powerful form of learning, as suggested by behaviorism, and can be achieved through case studies, demonstrations, or simulations
What is scaffolding?
Scaffolding is the process of providing support and guidance to learners as they progress and gradually reducing that support as learners become more competent.
