Module 9 - Modern And Contemporary Worldviews: Eastern Philosophy Flashcards
Where did Eastern philosophies originate?
Asia
The Eastern philosophies most practiced are Hinduism and Confucianism.
False
Which is a key Hindu concept?
reincarnation
Which is a key Buddhist concept?
enlightment
Confucianism focuses on a strict ethical code of goodness.
true
In Hinduism, the word Brahman refers to the soul of the universe.
true
The Buddha was interested in the same metaphysical questions as other religions.
false
In Eastern philosophies, what is the continuous cycle of cause and effect of a person’s deeds?
karma
What is the Buddhist term meaning liberation from reincarnation?
Nirvana
Shintoism is centered within which culture?
Japanese
What are the most sacred texts in Hinduism?
the Vedas
The Buddha did not endorse any religious writings while he was living.
true
The sacred canon in Confucianism only includes books Confucius referred to while he was alive.
false
Which Eastern philosophy separates sacred writings into the shruti and the smriti?
Hinduism
What Eastern philosophy uses the Pali Tripitaka?
Buddhism
Which concepts are at the center of moral philosophy for the worldview of Hinduism?
karma and reincarnation
For a Hindu, what is the motivation for living a moral life?
to break the cycle of reincarnation
Within Buddhism, one reaches enlightenment by practicing the Analects.
false
What concepts are at the center of moral philosophy for the worldview of Buddhism?
four noble truths and eightfold path
In some Buddhist groups, monks and nuns have additional rules of morality to obey.
true
What are the religious buildings of Shintoism called?
shrines
In Eastern philosophies, art is used to encourage participants to practice their faith in the proper manner.
true
Eastern philosophies do not use architecture to reflect their metaphysical beliefs.
false
Within the worldview of Hinduism, what shape do many of their temples resemble?
mountains
When creating statues of the Buddha, what do artists use to describe his characteristics and teachings?
spiritual imagery
Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes karma?
Hinduism
Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes enlightenment?
Buddhism
Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes becoming unattached to things, people, and circumstances to end suffering?
Buddhism
Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes ren, or goodness, including doing the right thing, knowledge, and loyalty?
Confucianism
In Shintoism, what are kami?
gods
In Hinduism, what is the eternal soul of an individual called?
atman
In Hinduism, what is the soul or essence of the universe?
Brahman
According to Buddhism, what do people need to take responsibility for in their own life?
suffering
Which statement aligns with Buddhist views of a creator or god?
there are none
In Hinduism, the sacred texts of the shruti mean “what is __________,” and the sacred texts of the smriti mean “what is __________ .”
heard; remembered
Which is one of the most well-known passages in the Hindu scriptures?
the Bhagavad Gita
Why did Confucius want to return to the ancient values and rituals of the Zhou Dynasty?
to restore peace and order
According to the Buddha, what would cease if people followed his teaching?
human suffering
Who wrote the Buddhist shastras?
Buddhist teachers and poets
In Hinduism, what is the continuous cycle of cause and effect according to the morality of one’s deeds?
karma
Which is the Hindu term for the cycle of birth, suffering, death, and rebirth into another form of plant, animal, or human being called?
reincarnation
Which is the Buddhist term meaning liberation from reincarnation?
Nirvana
Which are part of the Buddha’s Eightfold Path?
right understanding, right speech, right livelihood, and right mindfulness
In Hinduism, what are the three paths to reach salvation or freedom from reincarnation?
knowledge, action, and devotion
Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes the principle of brahman?
Hinduism
During the Warring States Period of Chinese history, what were the different schools of philosophy called that taught theoretical solutions to bring back stability and peace?
Hundred Schools of Thought
Who switched from leading brutal military conquests to embracing Buddhism?
Ashoka
What did Gandhi call his philosophy of nonviolence?
passive resistance
Who renamed the “Untouchables” the “children of God”?
Gandhi
Who became the political and religious leader of Tibet in the 17th century?
Dalai Lama
What must a Shinto worshiper pass through to symbolize they are leaving the external world and entering a sacred space?
gateway
In a Hindu temple, where is the image of the god kept?
on a pedestal in the main hall
Why do people perform certain rituals—like ritual bathing for spiritual purity or walking clockwise around the sanctuary—at the Hindu temple?
it encourages good karma
What did Buddha’s followers do against his wishes after his death because they believed he was able to rise above the human condition of suffering?
They began to worship him as a god.
In the time period after the Buddha’s death, but before artists began to make statues of him, what symbol might a Buddhist artist use to represent him in their artwork?
empty seat
