Module 6 - Foundations Of Western Philosophy: Eighteenth And Nineteenth Century

Question 1

Rousseau felt the influence of others hindered a person’s…

Answer 1

true authenticity

Question 2

According to Rousseau, people change behavior, perspective, and lifestyle to gain approval.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Changing to win others’ approval brings __________, according to Rousseau.

Answer 3

corruption

Question 4

The tendency toward self-preservation is described by Rousseau as…

Answer 4

self-love

Question 5

According to Rousseau, the need to be recognized can lead to…

Answer 5

evil

Question 6

What is the term for what is considered to be right or good versus what is considered to be wrong or bad?

Answer 6

morality

Question 7

Morality describes one’s choices regarding behavior.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Which word describes something seen as wrong or bad?

Answer 8

immoral

Question 9

What does amoral mean?

Answer 9

neither good nor bad

Question 10

Deontology is the study of what?

Answer 10

duty

Question 11

Which will help society according to Mill’s philosophy?

Answer 11

education

Question 12

Utility seeks decisions that produce pleasure and avoid pain.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

What does utilitarianism seek?

Answer 13

the greatest happiness

Question 14

Altruism looks to the needs of…

Answer 14

others

Question 15

Which determines what people do?

Answer 15

psychological hedonism

Question 16

Where do moral rules come from?

Answer 16

what a person sees as right and wrong

Question 17

Smith believed morals could be reduced to a set of natural or divine laws.

Answer 17

false

Question 18

Which is the most important to understand when trying to help another?

Answer 18

what the other person is feeling

Question 19

Sympathizing with another and choosing a correct course of action to meet their needs will produce __________ according to Smith?

Answer 19

moral norms

Question 20

What provides a framework of shared expectations for society?

Answer 20

moral rules

Question 21

What were the rich known as during the industrial revolution?

Answer 21

bourgeoisie

Question 22

There is a difference between truth-claims and truth.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

What were the poor known as during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 23

proletariat

Question 24

The idea that man can find answers within himself through reason can be described as…

Answer 24

enlightenment

Question 25

Scientific theories provided which kind of explanations in regard to the origin of the earth and the universe?

Answer 25

naturalistic

Question 26

Which two must be maintained by an effective political system?

Answer 26

freedom and rights

Question 27

Which type of government best protects the rights of its citizens?

Answer 27

individuals speaking for themselves

Question 28

What is the source of the law?

Answer 28

the general will of the people

Question 29

What, according to Rousseau, helped strengthen the moral guidelines in society?

Answer 29

the teaching of the church

Question 30

What is the paradox of Rousseau’s theory of governance?

Answer 30

the need to yield to the general will of others

Question 31

When one feels the need to yell “fire” in a burning building, one is feeling a sense of...

Answer 31

moral duty

Question 32

What does the ability to reason bring, according to Kant?

Answer 32

moral responsibility

Question 33

Which is the true cause of bad behavior, according to Kant’s philosophy?

Answer 33

personal choice

Question 34

Which might be seen as morally wrong by most?

Answer 34

killing

Question 35

According to Kant, what is the best source to determine right from wrong?

Answer 35

self

Question 36

In what way did Mill differ from Bentham in his view of pleasure?

Answer 36

degree

Question 37

Which does utilitarian politics criticize?

Answer 37

special interest groups

Question 38

Utilitarianism believes __________ influence(s) human behavior and activity.

Answer 38

pleasure and pain

Question 39

After a vote, a class decides to have a pizza party instead of hamburgers. Of what is this an example?

Answer 39

the principle of utility

Question 40

The satisfaction felt in serving others is an example of...

Answer 40

ethical hedonism

Question 41

Select all that apply. What is the study of moral truths?

Answer 41

moral philosophy; ethical philosophy

Question 42

What is the best way to choose how to help someone?

Answer 42

sympathy

Question 43

Which was more important to Smith in regard to a person’s morals?

Answer 43

the motive

Question 44

How are moral rules formed according to Smith?

Answer 44

from a person’s reaction to specific instances

Question 45

According to Smith, how is wealth created?

Answer 45

productive labor

Question 46

Which theory replaced creation as an explanation for the existence of humans?

Answer 46

evolution

Question 47

Which scientific discipline helps determine the age of the earth?

Answer 47

geology

Question 48

Some philosophers saw science as insufficient to explain what?

Answer 48

mans behavior

Question 49

For science to prove something, what does there need to be?

Answer 49

repeatable results

Question 50

Why did some abandon the Church as the source of answers during the Enlightenment?

Answer 50

science gave answers that contradicted faith