Module 1 Introduction To Philosophy

Question 1

What is philosophy?

Answer 1

Pursuit of wisdom in knowing and understanding our universe and the ways humans think and live

Question 2

From which language does the English word “philosophy” originate?

Answer 2

Greek

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of philosophy?

Answer 3

To search for truth concerning life’s greatest questions

Question 4

It is a misconception to say that one’s opinion is as good as another’s

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Socrates is the Greek philosopher from the 4th century BCE who presented evidence for a spherical planet

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Metaphysics is the division of philosophy concerned with what?

Answer 6

Questions related to being, existence, or reality

Question 7

Metaphysics focuses on constructing answers to questions that go beyond what is already known and accepted as factual

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which theory of metaphysics combines the theories of Aristotle and Christian theology?

Answer 8

Thomism

Question 9

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that focuses on

Answer 9

Knowledge

Question 10

Epistemologists concern themselves only with claims of factual knowledge

Answer 10

True

Question 11

It is possible for an idea to meet all of the epistemology criteria and yet still not be knowledge

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Ethics or moral philosophy is the study of:

Answer 12

Moral truths

Question 13

In consequentialism, the morality or rightness of an action is determined by whether or not it adheres to a series of rules

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What are the three schools of philosophy that provide thoughts on the paths to the greatest happiness and what it means to lead a good life? (Choose all that apply)

Answer 14

Stoicism, Epicureanism, skepticism

Question 15

Which philosopher defined much of postmodernist philosophy?

Answer 15

Jean-Francois lyotard

Question 16

Aesthetics is the division of philosophy that focuses on value judgements about art

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Immanuel Kant argued that every judgement of beauty was based on subjective personal experience, but even so, they should not all be weighed equally

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Another common __________ is that philosophy is a discipline of __________

Answer 18

Misconception; opinion

Question 19

On what is philosophy based?

Answer 19

Asking questions, collecting information and evidence, reaching conclusions, then debating with others

Question 20

Why is philosophy important?

Answer 20

Philosophy is dedicated to learning more about our world

Question 21

Which question can frame most philosophers?

Answer 21

What is the good life?

Question 22

__________ without clear and sound reasoning are __________ by philosophers

Answer 22

Opinions; rejected

Question 23

In Aristotles view, ___________ are without tangible form until they are instantiated, meaning they only exist in actual things

Answer 23

Universals

Question 24

Plato’s __________ were the non-physical essences of all things, of which objects and matter in the physical world are merely imitations

Answer 24

Forms

Question 25

Which theory state there is a world of objects that people perceive in the physical realm, but that these objects and the reality they represent are merely reflections or imitations of eternal and perfect abstract forms?

Answer 25

Platonism

Question 26

__________ is a form of rationalism because it holds that scientific knowledge can be derived a priori from “innate ideas” through deductive reasoning

Answer 26

Cartesianism

Question 27

__________ is a form of philosophical monism which holds matter to be the fundamental substance in nature, and all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions

Answer 27

Materialism

Question 28

Epistemology is divided into which two major approaches?

Answer 28

Rationalism; empiricism

Question 29

What are the three criteria of epistemology that ensure information can be considered knowledge

Answer 29

Belief, truth, justification

Question 30

Empiricists hold that all knowledge is derived from ___________

Answer 30

Sense experience

Question 31

Which philosopher bridged the empiricist and rationalist approaches to epistemology?

Answer 31

Immanuel Kant

Question 32

Rationalism is the epistemological view that regards ___________ as the chief source and test of knowledge

Answer 32

Reason

Question 33

Moral Phil has three different areas of emphasis

Answer 33

Meta-ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics

Question 34

Meta-ethics focuses on which of the following?

Answer 34

The foundations of morality and the scope of moral values

Question 35

Normative ethics focuses on which of the following?

Answer 35

The broad ethical question of what we ought to do or how we ought to act

Question 36

What are the three common frameworks of normative ethics?

Answer 36

Consequentialism, deontology, virtue

Question 37

Applied ethics focuses on which of the following?

Answer 37

Specific, practical issues of moral importance such as war and capital punishment

Question 38

Aesthetics is the division of philosophy on what?

Answer 38

Beauty, art, and value judgments about art

Question 39

Aesthetics is concerned with questions such as:

Answer 39

How do we determine what is beautiful? What is art and what is its purpose? What should determine whether or not a work of art is successful?

Question 40

What are the two approaches to aesthetics philosophy?

Answer 40

Objectivist; subjectivist

Question 41

Which Philosopher said, “beauty is no quality in things themselves: it exists merely in the mind which contemplates them, and each mind perceives a different beauty”?

Answer 41

David Hume

Question 42

__________ argued that the words on the page were all that mattered and that proposed meanings brought in from outside the text should be considered irrelevant

Answer 42

New criticism