Module 9: Fetal GI Pathology Flashcards
The ureteric buds become what? 4 (Anatomy)
- Ureters
- Renal Pelvis
- Calyces
- Collecting tubules
The metanephros gives origin to what?
Nephrons and the glomeruli and loop of henle
Fetal urine production begins around what week?
11 LMP
Early on, the primitive kidney (metanephros) is located where?
In the pelvis
The kidneys migrate where later on? What happens if this does not happen? 2
- To their normal paraspinal position
- Ectopic pregnancy
The cloaca is divided into what two parts? 2
- Urinary
- Rectal segments
The caudal end of the cloaca forms what? 2
- The urethra and bladder neck.
- The rest of the bladder is derived from the Allantois which ends at the urachal
The mesonephric ducts (ureters) enters what?
Posterior wall of the bladder, at the trigone
Prior to 8 weeks LMP< the fetal external genitals are in what state?
Ambiguous state
At 8-10 weeks LMP, with the presence of hormones (testosterone) what are formed?
Male genitalia is formed
What happens when male genitalia is formed?
Wolffian ducts grow and Müllerian ducts are inhibited
In females, with no Male hormones, the normal female genes develop due to what?
Maternal estrogen
What happens when female genitalia develop?
Wolffian ducts regress and Müllerian ducts are stimulated
Fetal kidneys are routinely imaged in what view?
Trans
If pathology is detected in fetal trans, what happens?
Sag views are included
What is the normal kidney length of the fetus?
Equal to the gestational age
20 weeks = 20mm
Mild fetal renal pelvis dilation can be up to what? 2
- 5mm up to 20 weeks gestation
- 8mm from 20 weeks to term
Bilateral renal agenesis is associated with what other anomalies? 5
- Other GU abnormalities
- GI abnormalities
- Cardiac abnormalities
- Sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome)
- Teratogens (Warfarin, Cocaine, maternal diabetes type 1)
Unilateral renal agenesis may be what? (Asymptomatic or symptomatic)
Asymptomatic and not noticed in utero
What is seen (or not seen) with bilateral renal agenesis? 5
- Absent kidneys
- Absent bladder
- Oligiohydramnios- anhydraminos
- Small abdominal circumference
- IUGR
With bilateral renal agenesis, adrenals assume what kind of shape?
Discoid shape and can be mistaken for kidneys
What position does the adrenal glands look like with agenesis of the kidneys?
Lying down
What should we do with a sonographic assessment with agenesis of the kidneys? 5
- Confirm presence or absence of kidneys
- Look for anechoic renal pelvises
- Look for renal cortex
- Use colour doppler to confirm presence of renal arteries
- Assess amniotic fluid
What does Potter’s syndrome refer to?
Bilateral renal agenesis