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N321: Nursing Assessment of Clients > Module 9 - Exam 3 Start > Flashcards

Module 9 - Exam 3 Start Flashcards

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1
Q

Structures of the Kidneys

A

Renal Arteries
Renal Veins
Nephrons (Glomerulus, Bowmans Capsule, Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Henles Loop, Distal Convoluted Tubule)
Two Ureters
One Bladder
One Urethra

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2
Q

Purpose of the kidneys

A

maintain overall fluid balance, regulate fluid and minerals from food/toxins/medications/etc

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3
Q

Nephrons

A

basic functional and structural unit of the kidneys that regulate water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering it and reabsorbing what is needed and excreting what is unneeded

Its function is vital for homeostasis of blood volume, plasma osmolarity, and pressure

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4
Q

Glomerulus

A

To filter plasma, produce glomerular filtrate which passes down the length of the nephron tube to produce urine

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5
Q

Bowmans Capsule

A

First step in the filtration of blood to form urine

surrounds the glomerulus

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6
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

A

efficiently regulates pH of filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions

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7
Q

Loop of Henle

A

U Shape

Recover of water and sodium chloride from urine occurs here

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8
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

In the kidney cortex

Reabsorbs Ca, Na, and Chloride, and regulates pH of urine by secreting protons and absorbing bicarbonate

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9
Q

Ureters

A

Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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10
Q

Anuria

A

urinary output less than 100 mL/24 hours

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11
Q

oliguria

A

diminished urinary output (100-400 mL/24 hours)

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12
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urinary output (diuresis)

common in diabetes patients

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13
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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14
Q

Dysuria

A

pain on urination, difficulty voiding, burning sensation

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15
Q

Proteinuria

A

protein in the urine

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16
Q

Keotnuria

A

ketones in the urine

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17
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

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18
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary voiding

(Nocturnal - nighttime; Diurnal - daytime)

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19
Q

Important Developmental Considerations of the GU System for Infants

A

The kidneys function better/begin after 9-12 weeks

Infant kidneys have less ability to concentrate/dilute urine

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20
Q

Important Developmental Considerations of the GU System for Children

A

Incontinence

Night Wetting

UTIs

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21
Q

Important Developmental Considerations of the GU System for Males

A

Urethra is 20-21 cm (7.5-8 inches)

Slit is vertical

Urethra goes through the prostate gland

There is a reproductive function

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22
Q

Important Developmental Considerations of the GU System for Females

A

Urethra is 3.5 cm (1.5 inches) - a lot shorter than males

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23
Q

Questions to ask the patient during the subjective interview for the GU system?

A

Frequency and Amount (polyuria or oliguria)

color changes/blood presence

pain (dysuria), burning

incomplete emptying

hesitancy, nocturia, dribbling

straining, narrowing stream

incontinence, overflow, stress

PMH

UTIs, STD, injuries

Stones, Gout

Medications (Diuretics)

HTN

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24
Q

What is gout?

A

uric acid substance backs up in the blood stream and crystallizes in the toes and fingers leading to intense pain

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25
Q

Example of 4 Diuretics

A

Lasiz
HCTZ
Bumix
Aldactone

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26
Q

Extra Considerations for the GU Subjective Interview for Children

A

Get parent permission

Onset of control

Frequency, hydration routine

Diurnal enuresis

Vincent’s curtsy

hx of UTIs?

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27
Q

Vincent’s Curtsey

A

squatting on the heels, crossing the legs, and flexing the pelvic floor muscles while performing a curtsy maneuver

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28
Q

Extra considerations for the GU subjective interview for adolescents?

A

Smoking, Alcohol, Drugs

Sexual Activity

Urinary Difficulties

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29
Q

Order of Objective GU Assessment Techniques

A

Inspection –> Palpation –> Percussion

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30
Q

Objective Findings for the Inspection of the GU System

A

Inspect for abnormalities:

Back

Peritoneal Area

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31
Q

Objective Findings for the Palpation of the GU System

A

CVA Tenderness

Pelvic Area / Flank Area (where kidneys are in lower back) check for tenderness, warmth, swelling, etc

Do light and deep palpation of pelvic area

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32
Q

Objective Findings for the Percussion of the GU System

A

Tympany - Empty Bladder
Dullness - full bladder/ over liquid

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33
Q

CVA Tenderness

A

nursing technique where one hand goes on flank and the other gently hits it - if pain is elicited that means there is a positive for kidney issue

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34
Q

When does the normal bladder urge begin around? (cc)

A

150-250 cc

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35
Q

A health bladder can hold urine for up to …

A

2-5hours

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36
Q

The normal volume of urine that enters the bladder is …

A

1-2 L per day

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37
Q

Objective Findings to look at when inspecting urine?

A

Color (Hydration)
Smell (Glucose)
Acidity (Diet)
Density (Hydration)

Composition (Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine, Sodium, other trace elements)

Check if they can hold it for the normal timing

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38
Q

Causes of Acute Renal Failure

A

Obstruction

Dehydration

Medications

(Acute can be fixed but chronic cannot, like in those with diabetes mellitus)

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39
Q

Causes of Chronic Renal Failure

A

HTN

DM (Diabetes Mellitus)

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40
Q

Causes of Kidney Stones

A

Diet

Hereditary Traits

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41
Q

Abnormal Bladder Findings

A

UTI

Urinary Retention (Prostate, tumor, bladder dysfunction)

Urinary Incontinence

Interstitial Cystitis

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42
Q

Abnormal GU System Assessment Findings

A

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Prostatitis

Cancer/Tumors

Anatomical Abnormalities (ex: Vesicoureteral Reflux)

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43
Q

Vesicoureteral Refluex

A

GU abnormality where the urine goes back up the ureter and into the kidneys

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44
Q

High Risk Population for UTI

A

Sexually Active Women
Post Menopausal Women
> Women have shorter urethra, thus higher risk

Individuals with DM

Individuals with Indwelling catheters

The Elderly (may not drink enough fluids)

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45
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Most common in women

Urine leaks when coughing, sneezing, or laughing

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46
Q

Overflow Incontinence

A

inability to empty the bladder

dribbling of urine is almost constant

can be due to DM, prostate issues (blocked urethra), or a damaged bladder

common in older men with prostate issues

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47
Q

Reflex Incontinence

A

Symptoms the same as urge incontinence due to spinal or neurological trauma

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48
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

overactive muscles cause spasms, sudden and intense urge to urinate, and sudden loss of frequency

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49
Q

Functional Incontinence

A

normal urge to urinate but physical ailments prevent the person from making it successfully to the bathroom on time

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50
Q

The kidney is about the size of …

A

your fist

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51
Q

Normal Kidney v Diseased Kidney

A

Normal: Healthy function, proper size, low urine protein

Diseased: Granular surface, decreased fxn, smaller size, high urine protein

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52
Q

Test and Surgeries for Acute Kidney Disease

A

Urinalysis (Clean Collection)
C&S (Sterile Collection)
24 Hour Collection
Straight and Retaining Catheterizations
Bladder Scanner
Kidney Stone Filter
Transurethral Resection (TUR) (Prostate or Bladder)

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53
Q

TUR

A

Transurethral Resection

removal of cancerous bladder tissue or a section of the prostate

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54
Q

U/A and C&S Considerations

A

Clean the meatus with a peri wipe FRONT TO BACK

Clean Catch v Straight Catheter

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55
Q

Clean Catch

A

patient pees in a cup

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56
Q

Straight Cath

A

Cath kit is put up the urethra to catch urine

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57
Q

24 hour urine collection

A

Tests for kidney function

the patient voids in the am (first morning) which is discarded and then after that you put a time on the gallon when you started to measure and start collecting at the second urination

collect all of it for 24 hours

patient voids right before 24 hour mark ends too

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58
Q

What to assess urine for

A

Color
Amount
Odor
Turbidity
pH
Specific Gravity
Constituents

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59
Q

Pale v Amber Urine

A

Pale means well hydrated, while amber color means dehydrated

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60
Q

Less that ___ cc/hr of urine indicates kidney failure

A

30

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61
Q

Odor indicates what about urine

A

infection, concentration, glucose presence

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62
Q

Normal Urine turbidity is …

A

clear initially, and gets cloudy as it stands

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63
Q

pH of urine

A

normal around 6 (4.6 to 8)

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64
Q

Specific Gravity of urine is …

A

the concentration of urine / weight in comparison to distilled water

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65
Q

Normal Urine constituents

A

urea, uric acid, creatinine

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66
Q

Abnormal urine constituents

A

blood

pus

albumin

glucose

ketones

blood

bile

bacteria

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67
Q

A catheter can either be ___ or ___

A

internal or external

68
Q

Catheters, like the condom cath, need to be …

A

inspected frequently (every 8 hours) for skin erosion or falling off

69
Q

Foley Catheter / Indwelling Catheter

A

catheter put up the urethra and inflated with a balloon to be left there

70
Q

Suprapubic Catheter

A

catheter inserted above the pubic bone into the bladder and stays there

For patients who cannot use a foley cath

71
Q

Nephrostomy Tube

A

Catheter/Tube that is inserted into the kidney

The pore in the tube is how you gain samples, not directly from the bag

72
Q

Urinary Drainage Bags

A

urine collection bags that may be able to give specific amount measurements (like seen in ICU) or just used for collecting (like in long term care - less accurate)

73
Q

Leg Bag

A

discrete urinary drainage bag that can be attached to the leg

gives PATIENT DIGNITY!!

The leg strap stabilizes the catheter to prevent it being pulled out and hurting the patient by ripping the balloon

74
Q

Kidney Stone Filter

A

urinate into the filter to allow kidney stone collection - collect the calcified stones for analysis

75
Q

Bladder Scanner

A

ID whether a patient has too much urine in the bladder and document whether a cath (Foley) is needed or if they need to try and void

ultrasound

76
Q

Intermittent Catheter

A

a catheter inserted and removed several times a day for collection/aid

77
Q

Important Bladder Health and Teaching Considerations

A

drink 8-10 (8 oz) glasses of water per day

limit alcohol and caffeine use

quit smoking

avoid constipation

keep healthy weight

regular exercise

dry perineal area after urination and defecation from front to back

wear underwear with a cotton crotch

void after intercourse

78
Q

Testes

A

produces sperm and testosterone

79
Q

Epididymis

A

sperm reservoir

80
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Tube that carries sperm

81
Q

Inguinal Area

A

area located between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the symphysis pubis medially

frequent site of hernia development

Prostate

82
Q

Prostate

A

pear shaped/heart shape smooth gland in males examined through the rectum and produces some of the seminal fluids

83
Q

Function of the Male GU System

A

Manufacturing (Spermatogenesis) and protecting sperm

Transporting Sperm

Secretion and regulation of male sex hormones (testosterone)

sexual stimulation and pleasure

drainage and excretion of urine

84
Q

Reproduction Process in Males

A

Spermatogenesis –> Spermatogonia –> Primary Spermatocytes –> Secondary Spermatocytes –> Mature Spermatozoa

check in weber for more info

85
Q

Male GU Health Assessment

A

Subjective Data (COLDSPA; PMH; Family Histories; Lifestyle; etc)

Objective Data (Prep client for comfort whenever possible; equipment ready; guaiac tests)

Document and Validate findings

86
Q

Trusting Relationship

A

This relationship for the client occurs when the client feels open to sharing information about his genital’s

Nurses need to keep in mind client sensitives as well as feelings regarding body image, fear of cancer, and sexuality

87
Q

How to Make your Patient comfortable for the GU Assessment

A

Maintain eye contact

take into consideration cultural differences

assure the patient

keep your nonverbals in check/face easily seen

dont be apologetic in an obvious or subtle way / remember you are a professional, doing the job of a professional

know the language

room should be comfortable

ask someone to be in the room with you

have patient empty bladder

provide privacy

assist into supine position with legs spread slightly

for a rectal exam assume sims or lay over the table

keep patient draped for privacy

have a good light source

88
Q

Penis Physical Assessment

A

Inspection –> Palpation

Check base of penis, pubic hair, shaft, foreskin, glans

Look for urethral discharge

89
Q

Scrotum Physical Assessment

A

Inspection –> Palpation

Inspection: Size, shape, position, scrotal sac

Palpation: Use thumb and two fingers to gently palpate testicles; note size, shape, consistency, mobility, tenderness, masses, or nodules

Transilluminate the scrotum - light should shine through

Inspect the inguinal and femoral areas for hernias too

90
Q

When physically assessing the male genitalia move…

A

from the base of the penis outward and then back to the scrotum

91
Q

Important Considerations for Male genitalia physical assessments in infants

A

Prematurity - undescended testes and few rugae on scrotum

Scrotal edema and ecchymosis typical

Hypospadias, Epispadias

Hydroceles

92
Q

Hypospadias

A

urethral meatus opening is on the ventral portion of the glans (upperside)

93
Q

Epispadias

A

urethral meatus opening on dorsal portion of the glans (below)

94
Q

Hydroceles

A

fluid in the testicle area

95
Q

Important Considerations for Male genitalia physical assessments in children

A

redness, swelling, discharge, odor

masses, asymmetry, lumps, crying from pain

trauma, toilet training, urine stream straight

96
Q

Important Considerations for Male genitalia physical assessments in asolescents

A

address concerns

safe sex

tanner staging to track puberty development (pubic hair distribution, penile and teste size)

97
Q

Important Considerations for Male genitalia physical assessments in older adults

A

pubic hair thinning

testicular atrophy

enlarged prostate

testosterone decrease by age 50

98
Q

Important Considerations for Male genitalia physical assessments in regard to culture/ethnicity

A

circumcision

when assessing uncircumcised, pull down the foreskin to assess the glans and make sure to retract it back after being done so circulation is not cut off

99
Q

Have the patient ___ ___ to note bulges that may indicate enlarged lymph nodes or inguinal hernia

A

bear down

100
Q

When doing a rectal exam observe for ..

A

hemorrhoids

fissures

bleeding prolapse

101
Q

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

A

Age - rare in those under 40, rapid increase post 50

Race/Ethnicity - highest in AA or Caribbean males of African origin; less common in Asian/Hispanic/Latino men then in whites

Geography - most common in NA, NW Europe, Australia, and Carrib Islands ; Less common in Asia, Africa, CA, and SA

Family History: Increases with father or brother having it

Certain Gene changes

Exposure to agent orange

working on a farm or tire plant or firefighting due to cadmium and toxic chemical exposure

High red meat or high fat diets with few vegis

Low melatonin levels (even sleeping with a small light source)

102
Q

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

A

Trouble urinating

decrease force in urine stream

blood in semen

swelling in legs

bone pain

ED

103
Q

Education topics for prostate cancer

A

Dont overeat

eat a low fat and high fruit/vegi/fiber/omega 3 FA diet

soy products and other legumes have phytoestrogens with a potential positive effect

drink daily green tea

drink no more than 2 alcoho9lic drinks a day

get moderate exercise daily

sleep in a dark room and avoid light at night

104
Q

Testicular Cancer

A

high mortality rate if not detected early

regular exam as part of cancer checkup recommended by ACS

males should do monthly self exams

105
Q

Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer

A

90% age under 54

50% age 20-34%

Carcinoma in Situ

FH of testicular cancer

HIV

undescended teste

106
Q

S/S of Testicular Cancer

A

non tender

hard

fixed mass

nodule

scrotal swelling

scrotal heaviness

107
Q

Important Diagnostic Reasoning Types

A
  1. Nursing Diagnosis (Wellness, Risk, Actual)
  2. Selected Collaborative Problems
  3. Medical problems
108
Q

Female Genitalia A&P

A

Ext: Mons Pubis, Labia Majora and Minora, Clitoris, Hymen

Rectum and Perineum

Internal: Vagina, Cervix, Uterus

Adnexae: Fall. Tubes, Ovaries, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

109
Q

function of the female (GU) system

A

Ova for Ovulation

Transporting the fertilized ovum

housing and nourishing the fetus

hormone reproduction and secretion of sex hormones

sexual stimulation and pleasure

drainage (loss of follicles and uterine lining) and excretion of urine

110
Q

Physiological Process of the Ovarian Cycle

A

Hypothalamus/Pituitary/Ovaries secrete hormones

28 day cycle

Follicular Phase 4 to 14 days: Follicles mature, endometrium thickens and proliferation occurs

Ovulation after Follicular Phase

Luteal Phase 15 to 28 days: Corpus luteum, endometrial lining disintegrates (secretory), menses occurs in the last 3-7 days as well as ideal teaching from nurses

111
Q

Reproductive Process

A

Mature ovum fert by sperm

zygote to embryonic dev

fall tubes to the uterus

implantation in the uterus

*if no implantation –> menstruation

112
Q

Functions of the Uterus

A

House, Nourish, and Protect fetus

113
Q

Menstruation

A

a cycle in which the body prepares for a fertilized ovum

114
Q

Menarche

A

first menses

115
Q

Menopause

A

occurs naturally in most women with approaching age between the age of 35 to 60

ovaries stop producing eggs and teh regular menstrual cycles cease

can also be due to aging, surgery, or chemical imbalance

116
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome

A

50-90% of female population report symptoms

occurs several days before menstruations with:
irritability
emotional tension
anxiety
mood changes
headache
breast tenderness
water retention

117
Q

What is included among the external v internal female genitalia

A

external = structures readily ID through inspection

internal = female repro organs

118
Q

Things to ask during female GU health history

A

menstrual cycles

age at time for menarche

menopause

vaginal discharge

pain or itching in genitals and groin

lumps, swelling. masses in genitalia/groin

urinating difficulty, changes in urine color, developed urine odor

diff controlling urine

sexual performance

sexual activity pattern

fertility problems

119
Q

Important things to glean about past and family history during female GU health history

A

previous gyno problems and results of any treatment

date of last pelvic exa, by physicians

date of last pap smear and results

fever diagnosed with std at any point

pregnancies

reproductive or genital cancer

120
Q

Important things to glean about lifestyle and health practices during female GU health history

A

smoker?

sexual partners

contraceptives

genitalia problems

sexual preference

comfort level in communication about sexuality

fears and stress with sex

fertility concerns

menopause concerns

genital self examinations?

HIV results

estrogen replacement ?

toxic shock syndrome at any point?

STDs?

*word it in a way that is not stressful

121
Q

External Genitalia Physical Assessment for GU on Female Patients

A

Inspection (mons pubis, labias, openings, hair distribution and condition on tanner scale, nits and lice, symmetry, erythema, etc) –> Palpation (Bartholin glands and urethra and tenderness)

Inspection –> Palpation!!!

122
Q

Concerning findings during a physical assessment for the labia minora, clitoris, anus, and urethral oriface?

A

Labia: s/s inflammation / irritation

clitoris: enlargement or atrophy

Urethral orifice: s/s of infection, fistulas, color issues, discharge, and lesions

Anus: hemorrhoids, s/s infection

123
Q

Areas important to inspect on a female GU physical assessment?

A

Labia Minor

Clitoris

Urethral Orifice

Skenes Gland

Vaginal Introitus

Perineum

Bartholins Gland

Vulva

Anus

124
Q

What makes up the vulva

A

labia majora and minora

clitoris

urethra

vagina

125
Q

How to promote comfort in female GU physical exam?

A

Room should be comfortable

ask someone to be in the room with you

have patient empty bladder

provide privacy

elevate the HOB

assist into lithotomy position

have a good light source

*typically an RN just assists the physician, not actually do the exam

126
Q

physical assessment of internal genitalia for female GU exam

A

inspection (vaginal opening and musculature, cervix, and vagina) –> bimanual examination involving palpation and rectovaginal edxamination

127
Q

Bimanual Exam

A

Palpation and Inspection of the rectovaginal area, cervix, uterus, and ovaries

Lubricate the dom hand –> insert into vagina –> assess cervix/mobility –> place non dom hand on lower abdomen and press down for a pear shaped hollow muscular organ (uterus) while assessing it

128
Q

What is not palpable during the bimanual examination?

A

Fallopian Tubes

129
Q

Adnexae

A

the collection of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and ligaments

130
Q

Cervix

A

opening into uterus from vagina

may be centered, posterior, anterior, lateral - every woman is different

should be inspected for color, position, lesions, discharge, and shape of the opening

131
Q

Theres important differences between what kinds of cervixes?

A

Menopausal

Pregnant (Chadwicks Sign)

Non Pregnant

132
Q

Chadwicks sign

A

bluish discoloration of cervix, vagina, and labia from increased bloodflow about 6-8 weeks after conception - early sign of pregnancy

133
Q

Color of a Non Pregnant Cervix

A

pale-ish color

134
Q

Normal Cervical Discharge relating to a normal cycle?

A

Menses Discharge:

Little discharge

during ovulation, “raw egg” like

flour paste consistency of discharge

135
Q

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors

A

HPV

Smoking

Immunosuppression

Chlamydia Infection

Diet Low in Fruits and Vegetables

Being Overweight

Intrauterine Device Use

Multiple full term pregnancies

being younger than 17 at first full term pregnancy

poverty

having a mother who took DES while pregnant

FMH of cervical cancer

136
Q

Risk Reduction for Cervical cancer

A

Avoid Risky Sexual Practices: early age, mult partners, high risk sexual activities or a partner who does them

Consult about HPV vacc for boys/girls as early as 9 and up to 26, but especially those between 10-11

Follow USPSTF pap smear guidelines

Screening schedule if mom took DES with you

Eat nutritious food and have routine care for illnesses that weaken immune system

talk to partner about expectations of sexual health before becoming intimate

137
Q

Incidence of Cervical Cancer

A

lower rates are in E Mediterranean countries

unusually high rate found in African region where income levels tend to be low

138
Q

Typical Older Female Client Findings during GU Examination

A

Vaginal infection d/t atrophy of the vaginal mucosa

gray and thinning pubic hair

cervix appears pale post menopause

urinary incontinence from muscle weakness or loss of urethral elasticity

139
Q

Chlamydia Trachomatis Symptoms

A

Often there are none!!

Females: Painful urination, Vaginal Discharge, Pelvic Pain/Intercourse Pain

Males: Pain during urination, testicular pain, rarely can cause prostatitis, penal discharge

140
Q

Female Complications of Chlamydia

A

Infertility

Increased Pelvic Pain

Ectopic Pregnancies

PID

Reiters Syndrome

141
Q

Male Complications of Chlamydia

A

Epididymitis

Swollen / Tender Testicles

Prostatitis

142
Q

Infant Complications of Chlamydia

A

Pneumonia

Blindness

143
Q

Gonorrhea Symptoms

A

Often there are none!!

Females: Painful urination, vaginal discharge/bleeding, ab or pelvic pain

Males: painful urination, pus like discharge from penis, pain with one testicle or both, urge to pee more than usual

Gonorrhea commonly spreads to other sites like the rectum, eyes, throat, and joints

144
Q

Male Complications of Gonorrhea

A

Scarring urethra

Painful testicles

145
Q

Female complications of gonorrhea

A

PID

ectopic pregnancy

infertility

146
Q

Infant complications of gonorrhea

A

blindness

joint infection

147
Q

Syphilis Symptom Development

A

In both males and females:

Primary (10-90 days)–> Secondary (3-10 weeks) –> Tertiary (greater than 1 year)

148
Q

Primary Stage Syphilis

A

chancre sores on genitals’ within 10 to 90 days

149
Q

Secondary Stage Syphilis

A

fevers, rashes, lymph node involvement by 3-10 weeks

150
Q

Tertiary Stage Syphilis

A

heart and NS issues and blindness after 1 years

151
Q

PID Symptoms

A

Pelvic Inflammatory disease:

Abdominal Pain

Vaginal discharge

infertility

pain during urination

nausea

painful sex

increased or foul smelling vaginal discharge

tiredness

fever

152
Q

HPV

A

Human Papillomavirus (group of viruses) that can cause various cancers (cervical, penile, oral)

can cause genital and anal warts

vaccination is available and offered to both boys and girls

153
Q

Genital Herpes (HSV 1 and HSV 2)

A

HSV 1 is typically non-genital symptoms

vesicular lesions occurs with fever at onset of initial infection

lymph nodes get involved

can be transferred to an infant

154
Q

HSV1 and 2 Effect on Infants

A

Liver Infection

Brain Infection

Skin Infection

Possible Death

155
Q

HSV 1

A

cold sores

156
Q

HSV 2

A

genital herpes

157
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

B and C are bloodborne STIs (HBV / HCV)

needs treatment

158
Q

HIV symptoms

A

fever

chills
rash

night sweats

muscle aches

sore throat

fatigue

swollen lymph nodes

159
Q

Risk Factors for HIV

A

unsafe sex

sharing needles

alcohol and recreational drug use

STD

from mother to child upon birth

donated blood

160
Q

Pubic Lice

A

Could be head or body lice but untreated head lice can move into the pubic area

causes intense itching

if left untreated skin damage occurs

can spread person to person

treat with shampoos, and bag up stuffed animals/linens

161
Q

Trichomoniasis Symptoms

A

Females: Itching, Vaginal Discharge, Pain upon urination, premature birth if left untreated

Males: no symptoms

162
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis Symptoms

A

Thin, gray white or green vaginal discharge

Foul Smelling “Fishy” Odor

Vaginal itching

Burning on urination

Makes them susceptible to STIs

163
Q

How far do you insert a male catheter

A

6 to 8 inches

164
Q

How far do you insert a female catheter

A

2-3 inches

165
Q

Another name for intermittent catheter?

A

straight cath

166
Q

REVIEW CATHETER VIDEOS

A

REVIEW CATHETER VIDEOS - WILL BE ON EXAM

N321: Nursing Assessment of Clients (18 decks)

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