Module 9: Disorders

Question 1

Atresia

Answer 1

malformation or absence of an ear canal

Question 2

stenosis

Answer 2

Narrowing

Question 3

Microtia

Answer 3

small or malformed Pinna
different grades or stages (1-3)
picture in notes is a 3?

Question 4

Anotia

Answer 4

no ear. absence of a pinna can occur with atresia

Cochlea may still be intact or fully formed

Question 5

Otitis Externa

Answer 5

inflammation of ear canal

Question 6

“Oho”

Answer 6

ear

Question 7

Exostoses

Answer 7

small bony growths in the bony part of ear canal

benign, multiple, bilateral
often formed from frequent temperature change (cold water swimmers)
“Surfer’s ear”

Question 8

Perforation

Answer 8

hole in the tympanic membrane

temporary pain
hearing change
low frequency conduction hearing loss
flat, type B tympanogram with large ear canal volume

can be fixed with paper patch
or “wait and see” (heal on its own)

sometimes left alone if recurrent or cholesteatoma rise

Question 9

Myringosclerosis

Answer 9

Scaring of Tympanic Membrane

No effect on hearing

Question 10

typanosclerosis

Answer 10

hardening of eardrum
Very rare
Mytingosclerosis falls under this

Question 11

Ossicular Fixation

(Otosclerosis)

Answer 11

extra boy growth around the stapes
limits the transduction of energy into the cochlea
sometimes a genetic/inherited component

Effects:
gradual hearing loss onset at 20-40 yrs
no pain
sometimes tinnitus
shallow compliance tympanic
usually absent reflexes when measuring a reflex in an involved ear
Conductive hearing loss, narrowing at 2000Hz  
        Carhartts's Notch

Addressed by:
hearing aids conventional conduction or bone conduction.
Stapendectamy
get 10-15 dB of bone conduction respose is a very
successful surgery.\

Question 12

Stapendectamy

Answer 12

PORP
partial ossicular replacement prosthesis

remove the Stapes bone and replace it with prostheses

Question 13

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

Answer 13

inflammation of the middle ear with fluid

hearing change (flat tympanogram)
sometimes with pain/discomfort
conductive hearing loss

audiometric presentation
flat, type B tympanogram, normal ECV
negative pressure and shallow compliance before and
after.

Question 14

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

also called Serious Otitis Media, Mucoid Otitis Media, or Glue Ear.

Answer 14

inflammation of the middle ear with fluid

the presence of fluid in the middle ear with an eardrum that is not inflamed.
a situation which can be transient or last many months.
no fever.

hearing change (flat tympanogram)
sometimes with pain/discomfort
conductive hearing loss

audiometric presentation
flat, type B tympanogram, normal ECV
negative pressure and shallow compliance before and
after.

Question 15

Acute OME

Answer 15

bulging TM or clear liquid bubbles or puss
lasts 6-10 weeks
resolves on its own mostly.

active infection in the middle ear with an inflamed eardrum and of the with fain and FEVER.

Adressed by:
time and palliative care
often resolves on its own through normal processes/ recovery from illness.
antibiotics address bacterial infection (NOT fluid)
tympanovstomy tubes
if chronic (8-12 weeks)
recurrent +6 per year.

Question 16

Tumors

Answer 16

Glomus Typmpanium

symptoms
sometimes pain or facial nerve phenomena
some hearing loss (generally conductive first)
treatment
surgery
especially if risk of growth damage to other structures
sometimes better to just monitor it

Question 17

cholesteatoma

Answer 17

extra mass of skin
usually starts in the PARS FLACIA with negative middle ear pressure or with chronic perforations

skin pulled in or sucked into attic area

conductive hearing loss
con erode other structures

surgery

??amplification if indicated??

Question 18

Bells Palsy

(Ramsy Hunt)

Answer 18

reduced sensory and motor function with facial nerve(VII)
weakness or drooping on one side of the face
75% no clear cause
sometimes a virus like herpes, chicken pox, shingles
75% recover in 2-3 weeks

Tests
ENOG- electroneuronography to check status of VII nerve can help predict prognosis

treatment
steroids, wait, artificial tears, eye patch

Question 19

Trama

Answer 19

Barotrama- slapping of ear
pressure build up
Cauliflower ear- perichondritis from repeated hematoma

don’t put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear
Heat/cold
malformations

Question 20

Otitis Media

Answer 20

general term referring to inflammation (fluid with or without infection) of the middle ear space.

Question 21

chronic suppurative Otitis Media

Answer 21

presence of a hole in the eardrum with continuing discharge of pus from the middle ear over many weeks

Question 22

interconnections

Answer 22

synapses

Question 23

eustachian tube

functions (3)

Answer 23

1. to allow air to pass up or down the tube thus keeping the air pressure equal on both sides of the eardrum.
2. to allow middle ear secretions to drain down the tube into the nose (nasopharynx)
3. to prevent the reflux (flow) of fluid back up the tube into the middle ear.

Question 24

tensor veli palatini muscle

Answer 24

contracts during swallowing and opens the eustachian tube

relaxes and the eustachian tube is closed

eustachian tube only open during swallowing and yawning

Question 25

Tinnitus

Answer 25

ringing in ears