Module 9: Disorders Flashcards
Atresia
malformation or absence of an ear canal
stenosis
Narrowing
Microtia
small or malformed Pinna
different grades or stages (1-3)
picture in notes is a 3?
Anotia
no ear. absence of a pinna can occur with atresia
Cochlea may still be intact or fully formed
Otitis Externa
inflammation of ear canal
“Oho”
ear
Exostoses
small bony growths in the bony part of ear canal
benign, multiple, bilateral
often formed from frequent temperature change (cold water swimmers)
“Surfer’s ear”
Perforation
hole in the tympanic membrane
temporary pain
hearing change
low frequency conduction hearing loss
flat, type B tympanogram with large ear canal volume
can be fixed with paper patch
or “wait and see” (heal on its own)
sometimes left alone if recurrent or cholesteatoma rise
Myringosclerosis
Scaring of Tympanic Membrane
No effect on hearing
typanosclerosis
hardening of eardrum
Very rare
Mytingosclerosis falls under this
Ossicular Fixation
(Otosclerosis)
extra boy growth around the stapes
limits the transduction of energy into the cochlea
sometimes a genetic/inherited component
Effects:
gradual hearing loss onset at 20-40 yrs
no pain
sometimes tinnitus
shallow compliance tympanic
usually absent reflexes when measuring a reflex in an involved ear
Conductive hearing loss, narrowing at 2000Hz
Carhartts's Notch
Addressed by:
hearing aids conventional conduction or bone conduction.
Stapendectamy
get 10-15 dB of bone conduction respose is a very
successful surgery.\
Stapendectamy
PORP
partial ossicular replacement prosthesis
remove the Stapes bone and replace it with prostheses
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)
inflammation of the middle ear with fluid
hearing change (flat tympanogram)
sometimes with pain/discomfort
conductive hearing loss
audiometric presentation
flat, type B tympanogram, normal ECV
negative pressure and shallow compliance before and
after.
Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)
also called Serious Otitis Media, Mucoid Otitis Media, or Glue Ear.
inflammation of the middle ear with fluid
the presence of fluid in the middle ear with an eardrum that is not inflamed.
a situation which can be transient or last many months.
no fever.
hearing change (flat tympanogram)
sometimes with pain/discomfort
conductive hearing loss
audiometric presentation
flat, type B tympanogram, normal ECV
negative pressure and shallow compliance before and
after.
Acute OME
bulging TM or clear liquid bubbles or puss
lasts 6-10 weeks
resolves on its own mostly.
active infection in the middle ear with an inflamed eardrum and of the with fain and FEVER.
Adressed by:
time and palliative care
often resolves on its own through normal processes/ recovery from illness.
antibiotics address bacterial infection (NOT fluid)
tympanovstomy tubes
if chronic (8-12 weeks)
recurrent +6 per year.
Tumors
Glomus Typmpanium
symptoms
sometimes pain or facial nerve phenomena
some hearing loss (generally conductive first)
treatment
surgery
especially if risk of growth damage to other structures
sometimes better to just monitor it
cholesteatoma
extra mass of skin
usually starts in the PARS FLACIA with negative middle ear pressure or with chronic perforations
skin pulled in or sucked into attic area
conductive hearing loss
con erode other structures
surgery
??amplification if indicated??
Bells Palsy
(Ramsy Hunt)
reduced sensory and motor function with facial nerve(VII)
weakness or drooping on one side of the face
75% no clear cause
sometimes a virus like herpes, chicken pox, shingles
75% recover in 2-3 weeks
Tests
ENOG- electroneuronography to check status of VII nerve can help predict prognosis
treatment
steroids, wait, artificial tears, eye patch
Trama
Barotrama- slapping of ear
pressure build up
Cauliflower ear- perichondritis from repeated hematoma
don’t put anything smaller than your elbow in your ear
Heat/cold
malformations
Otitis Media
general term referring to inflammation (fluid with or without infection) of the middle ear space.
chronic suppurative Otitis Media
presence of a hole in the eardrum with continuing discharge of pus from the middle ear over many weeks
interconnections
synapses
eustachian tube
functions (3)
- to allow air to pass up or down the tube thus keeping the air pressure equal on both sides of the eardrum.
- to allow middle ear secretions to drain down the tube into the nose (nasopharynx)
- to prevent the reflux (flow) of fluid back up the tube into the middle ear.
tensor veli palatini muscle
contracts during swallowing and opens the eustachian tube
relaxes and the eustachian tube is closed
eustachian tube only open during swallowing and yawning
Tinnitus
ringing in ears
