Chapter 10: (Central auditory nervous system) Flashcards
Anterior
Toward the front
Posterior
Towards the back
Inferior
Toward the bottom
Superior
Toward the top
Medial
Toward the middle
Lateral
Toward the side
Ventral
Anterior (below the midbrain)
Interior (above the midbrain)
Dorsal
Posterior (below the midbrain)
Superior (above the Midbrain)
Sagittal plane
Divides the body and left/right
Frontal/coronal plane
Divide to the body front and back
Transverse plane
Divides the body into top and bottom
Horizontal plane
Parallel with horizon
12 cranial nerves (Look in class 3100 for functions)
Information to (Sensory) And from (motor) the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) is carried by 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
Cranial nerve I
Olfactory-smell
Cranial nerve II
Optic-vision
Cranial nerve III
Oculomotor– Eye movement
Cranial nerve IV
Trochlear-eye movement
Cranial nerve V
Trigeminal-Tympanic membrane sensation property in motor of tensor tympani.
Cranial nerve VI
Abducens-eye movement
Cranial nerve VII
Facial Dash this movement, stapedial reflex
Cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear-hearing and balance
Cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal-pharynx
Cranial nerve X
Vagus-Heart and lungs
Cranial nerve XI
Accessory – spinal
Cranial nerve XII
Hypoglossal -tongue movement
Central auditory nervous system
CANS
A sound producing network of afferent (Going to the brain) and efferent(Leaving the brain) auditory fiber tracks and nuclei
Anatomy of the central nervous system
CNS
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Forebrain
Consists of the Telencephalon and Dienephalon
Telencephalon
Part of the forebrain
Responsible for conscious thought and motor movement
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes
Also divided into cerebral hemispheres (left/right)
The cerebral cortex is the pleated surface
Diencephalon
Part of the forebrain located between the two cerebral hemispheres it includes:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus
Thalamus
Part of the diencephalon of the forebrain.
Contains medial geniculate body. Fibers project from medial geniculate body into Herschel’s gyrus via the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Precentral gyrus
(Primary motor cortex)
Frontal lobe gyrus located immediately anterior to the central sulcus; responsible for coding of voluntary muscle movement.
Postcentral gyrus
Or primary somatory cortex
Parietal lobe gyrus located immediately posterior to the central sulcus; responsible for perception of sensation.
Superior temporal gyrus (Wernick’s area)
The most superior of the three lateral temporal gyrus like on the posterior 2/3 of the superior temporal gyrus, plus portions of the planum temporal, Make up Wernick’s area.
Broca’s area
(Area triangularis)
The cortical tissue located in the inferior frontal gyrus of the language dominant hemisphere (usually left) that is responsible for planning the motor activities for Speech; lesions to this area resulting in inability to express oneself by Speech, also known as Broca’s (or expressive) aphasia.
Herschl’s gyrus
Transverse temporal gyrus
Primary auditory cortex
Tonotopicaly organized
The primary auditory cortex; receives projections from the medial geniculate body.
Wernicke’s area
Primary decoding area for speech.
The specialized area located in the temporal lobe of the language dominant hemisphere (usually left); composed of the posterior 2/3 of the superior temporal gyrus and some of the surrounding tissues including part of the planum temporale; Concerned with Speech comprehension; lesions in this area result in an inability to comprehend spoken language, also known as Wernicke’s aphasia or receptive aphasia
Midbrain
The superior portion of the brain stem.
Brainstem
The lowest part of the brain that is structurally continuous with the spinal cord; contains the ponds medulla (which is part of the hindbrain), and the midbrain.
Inferior colliculus
Inferior coliculi
Part of the central auditory nervous system located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.
The inferior collicui are auditory nuclei
- Receive fibers from the lateral lemniscus
- send information to the thalamus via the brochium of the inferior colliculus.
Hindbrain
Includes;
Medulla oblongata (Medulla)
Pons
Cerebellum
Cerebellum
Located behind the ponds and medulla
Connected to the medulla, pons, and midbrain by fiber tracts
Balance central processor
Divided into hemispheres at the vermis.
Pons and Medulla
Contain many important structures in the central auditory nervous system.
vestibulocochlear nerve enters pontomebullary junction near cerebellopontine angle.
Pontomedullary junction
The junction between the pons and the medulla were the Vestibulocochlear nerve enters the brain stem.
Cerebellopontine angle
The angle created by the cerebellum and the Pons
Cochlear nucleus
The most Caudal auditory nucleus and the projection point for all auditory nerve fibers; located at the border of the medulla and the pons.
Lateral lemniscus
The largest fiber tract in the auditory brainstem containing fibers projections from the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex, which then project to the inferior colliculus in the midbrain.
Medial Geniculate Body (nucleus)
MGB
Nucleus in the thalamus that receives ascending auditory fiber projections from the inferior colliculus and from which fibers project to various parts of the cortex and cerebrum, most importantly to Heschl’s gyrus(The primary auditory cortex).
