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COMD 3400 > Chapter 4: Complex Vibration and Waveform Analysis > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Complex Vibration and Waveform Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

components
frequency components
(partials in music)

A

an individual element of a complex system ( e.g., a sinusoidal component of a complex waveform or a component of an electric circuit)

the sinusoidal vibrations that make up a complex vibration.

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2
Q

Fourier Theorem

A

any complex vibration is the sum of various sinusoidal motions of varying amplitude, frequency, and phase.

a theorem stating that any complex oscillatory (vibratory) motion is the sum of various sinusoidal motions of varying amplitude, frequency, and phase.

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3
Q

fundamental period

A

(To) the duration of one cycle.

the amount of time it takes to complete one cycle of complex periodic vibration

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4
Q

fundamental frequency

A

the lowest frequency of a vibrating system; the reciprocal of the fundamental period of a complex periodic wave.

(fo or f1) fo = 1/To

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5
Q

complex vibration

A

the sum of two or more simple vibrations.

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6
Q

aperiodic vibration

A

a vibration without a repeating pattern in time.

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7
Q

periodic vibration

A

vibratory motion in which an object returns to the same point in space periodically (at equal periods of time) during the motion.

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8
Q

waveform synthesis

A

the process of combining several individual sinusoidal motions into a complex waveform.

adding sine waves to form complex waveforms.

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9
Q

harmonics

A

frequency components of a complex waveform that are whole-number multiples of its fundamental frequency.

(f2 is the first harmonic for this class)

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10
Q

missing fundamental

A

when the greatest common factor of a group of harmonically related frequency components of a waveform is not present in the waveform, this waveform has a missing fundamental.

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11
Q

periodicity

A

the concept that a periodic wave keeps repeating itself for an infinite amount of time.

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12
Q

noise

A

a stochastic (random) sequence of events resulting from the combination of a very large (infinite) number of unrelated components.

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13
Q

transient

A

a brief single event that ceases to exist after a very short time (door slam)

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14
Q

complex inharmonic vibration

A

the sum of a finite number of components that does not repeat its pattern within a time period of observation.

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15
Q

waveform analysis

(spectrum analysis)?

A

taking a complex waveform and breaking it down into individual components

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16
Q

time domain

A

representation of a phenomenon as a function of time

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17
Q

spectrum

A

a graphical representation of a complex waveform showing the waveform energy (amplitudes) of the individual components (y axis) arranged in order of frequency (x axis).

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18
Q

spectrum components

A

individual components, displayed as lines perpendicular to the x axis, are called spectrum components (spectrum components, frequency components) Thus, the spectrum provides a graphical representation of the Fourier series of a complex vibratory motion.

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19
Q

frequency domain

A

representation of a phenomenon as a function of frequency.

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20
Q

line spectrum (discrete spectrum)

A

a spectrum that consists of one or more separate vertical lines.

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21
Q

continuous spectrum

A

a spectrum in which the energy is spread across a rang of frequencies rather that at discrete sinusoidal components.

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22
Q

white noise

A

a noise that consists of an infinite number of sinusoidal components having the same amplitude, but random phase, that spread evenly across a wide frequency range; a noise that has a spectrum density that is independent of frequency.

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23
Q

amplitude spectrum

A

the distribution of the amplitudes of the sinusoidal components of a vector quantity as a function of frequency.

24
Q

power spectrum

A

a distribution of energy (power) as a function of frequency.

25
Q

phase spectrum

(did he say to skip this?)

A

a spectrum display that indicate the initial ( t=0) phase angle of all the spectral components as a function of frequency

26
Q

nodes

A

a point or line in space or along a vibrating element at which the magnitude displacement is zero for the mode of vibration.

where the string is attach to guitar.

27
Q

antinodes

A

the place on vibrating system or in a sound field where the changes in a specific quality greatest

28
Q

mode

A

the specific vibration pattern of a vibrating system associated with each resonance frequency of the system

29
Q

octave

A

a relative unit of frequency in which one octave represents a doubling in frequency.

30
Q

rod

A

a rigid, one dimensional structure made of a material such as metal or wood, which has a small cross section in comparison to its length and is round.

31
Q

bar

A

a rigid, one dimensional structure made of a material such as metal or wood, which has a small cross section in comparison to its length and is square or rectangular.

32
Q

transverse vibrations

A

when vibration is along a rod or bars length

33
Q

torsional vibrations

A

when vibration is along a rod or bars axis.

34
Q

plate

A

a two-dimensional physical object in which the thickness of the object is much smaller than the length and width and it can vibrate without any structured support.

35
Q

radical mode

A

mode of vibration that runs across a plate or membrane.

36
Q

circular mode of vibration

A

mode of vibration that runs in a circular manner in a plate or membrane.

37
Q

chladni figures (patterns)

A

figures that illustrate the distribution of the various nodes of vibration of a plate.

38
Q

impedance

A

the opposition to the flow of energy through a system

39
Q

mechanical impedance

A

impedance of a mechanical system; depends on the mass, stiffness, and friction coefficient of the system.

40
Q

resistance(R)

A

the opposition of a system to movement; resistance is the result of internal and external friction.

41
Q

reactance (X)

A

the opposition of a system to change in its state by the system’s ability to store energy and prevent its transfer to or from another system

42
Q

mass reactance (Xm)

A

the ability of a mass to store energy and prevent its transmission through a system.

43
Q

stiffness reactance (Xs)

A

the ability of the stiffness of a system to store energy and oppose its passage through a system.

44
Q

compliance (C)

A

the inverse of stiffness (K) that is C=1/K

45
Q

admittance (Y)

A

the ease with which a system can vibrate due to an applied force; the inverse of impedance

46
Q

conductance (G)

A

the ease with which energy travels through a frictional element in a system; the inverse of resistance.

47
Q

susceptance (B)

A

the ease with which energy travels through a mass or spring (stiffness) element in a system; the inverse (reciprocal) of reactance (X)

48
Q

mass susceptance (Bm)

A

the ease with which energy flows through a mass.

49
Q

stiffness susceptance (Bs)

A

the ease at which energy travels through a spring element.

50
Q

source and load (pg87)

A

to transfer the greatest possible amount of energy from one system to another, the impedance of both objects -the source and the load (receiver of energy)- should be equal.

51
Q

impedance matching

A

the practice of making the impedance of a load equal the impedance of a source of power in order to transfer as much energy as possible from the source to the load.

52
Q

membrane

A

a thin sheet-like material that is stretched and fixed along its edges to create stiffness. (ear drum)

53
Q

overtone

A

a harmonic other than the fundamental frequency

54
Q

cycle

A

one full repetition of a periodic motion

55
Q

elasticity

A

the property of matter that allows matter to recover its form (size and shape) after it has been distorted (expanded or compressed).

COMD 3400 (13 decks)

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