Module 9: Antibiotic Drugs Flashcards
What are is the coverage and indications for sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim?
Sulfonamide + folate inhibitor = folic acid synthesis
Gram + & -
UTIs
MRSA
Bronchitis
Contraindication:
< 2 mo
Late/early pregnancy
Caution in renal impairment
What are is the coverage and indications for Penicillin
Beta-lactam
Gram +
Strep infections
Syphilis
Caution in kidney impairment
What are is the coverage and indications for Amoxicillin
Beta-lactam + amino group (some gram -)
Gram + some -
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Strep throat
CAP (d/t resistance of azythromycin)
Caution in kidney impairment
What are is the coverage and indications for Amoxicillin-Clavulanate?
Clavulanate inhibits beta-lactamase
Gram + and better -
Resistant otitis media
Resistant sinusitis
Animal bites
Caution in kidney and liver impairment
C. diff risk
What are is the coverage and indications for Cephalexin?
1st Gen Cephalosporin = Beta-lactamase inhibitor and each gen provides broader coverage
Gram +
Skin infections
UTIs
Severe caution in renal impairment
C. diff risk
What are is the coverage and indications for Cefuroxime?
2nd Gen Cephalosporin = Beta-lactamase inhibitor and each gen provides broader coverage
Gram + and some -
Resp infections
Sinusitis
Severe caution in kidney impairment
C. diff risk
What are is the coverage and indications for Cefixime?
3rd Generation = Beta-lactamase inhibitor and each gen provides broader coverage
Gram - and some Gram +
Gonorrhoea
Pharyngitis
Severe caution in renal impairment
C. diff risk
What are is the coverage and indications for Doxycycline?
Tetracycline = 30S ribosome (protein synthesis)
Gram + & -
Acne
Lyme
Atypical Pneumonia
Chlamydia
Contraindicated:
< 8 yr
Pregnancy
What are is the coverage and indications for Azithromycin?
Macrolide = Inhibits 50S ribosome (inhibits movement)
Gram + & -
URI
Chlamydia
CAP
Caution:
Liver impairment
R/O QT prolongation
What are is the coverage and indications for Clindamycin?
Lincosamide = Inhibits 50S ribosome (inhibits elongation)
Gram +
Anaerobic infections
Dental abscess
MRSA
Caution with liver impairment
C.diff risk
What are is the coverage and indications for Ciprofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolone = DNA synthesis
Gram -
UTI’s
Traveller’s diarrhea
Bone/joint infections
Contraindicated:
Paediatrics
Pregnancy
Caution for QT prolongation
C. diff risk
What are is the coverage and indications for Metronidazole?
Nitroimidazole = DNA synthesis
Anaerobes and protozoa
C. diff
BV
Trichomoniasis
anaerobic infections
Caution in neonates
What are is the coverage and indications for Nitrofurantoin?
Nitrofuran = Damages bacterial DNA
Gram + & -
Uncomplicated UTI’s (esp in women)
Contraindicated:
< 1 yr (hemolysis)
Pregnancy
If CrCl < 30
What is first line therapy and the first alternative for community-acquired pneumonia?
Amoxicillin 1g PO TID 5-7 days
Alternative:
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (co-morbidities) or
doxycycline (allergies)
What is first line therapy and the first alternative for an uncomplicated UTI?
Nitrofurantoin 100mg PO BID x 5 days
Alternative:
TMP-SMX 160/800 mg PO BID x 3days (if renal impairment)
What is first line therapy for a complicated UTI?
Cipro 500mg PO BID 7-14 days
What is first line therapy and the first alternative for treatment of mild bacterial skin infections? (impetigo, mild cellulitis, folliculitis)
Cephalexin 500 mg PO QID x 7 days
Alternative:
Doxycycline 100mg PO BID 5-7 days
What is first line therapy and the first alternative for treatment of moderate bacterial skin infections? (Spreading, abscess, systemic symptoms)
Clindamycin 300-450 mg PO TID x 7-10 days
Alternative:
Doxycycline 100mg PO BID + Cephalexin 500mg PO QID x 7-10 days
