Module 2: Pathophysiology of Prostaglandins Flashcards
What are prostaglandins?
Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that have hormone-like effects in the body.
True or False: Prostaglandins are derived from fatty acids.
True
Fill in the blank: Prostaglandins are synthesized from __________.
arachidonic acid
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins?
Cyclooxygenase (COX)
What role do prostaglandins play in the body?
Prostaglandins are involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, and regulation of blood flow.
Describe the process that leads to prostaglandin production.
- Mast cell degranulation triggered by allergen binding to IgE antibodies attached to high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cell
- Intracellular phospholipase A2 enzyme acts on membrane phospholipids to prduce arachidionic acid
- Cox enzymes act on arachidonic acid to produce prostaglandins
Types of prostaglandins produced when COX-1 enzymes act on arachidonic acid.
prostaglandins that activate platelets and protect the stomach lining.
Types of prostaglandins produced when COX-2 enzymes act on arachidonic acid.
prostaglandins that are associated with inflammation.
True or False: NSAIDs primarily inhibit COX-1 enzymes.
False. They are non-selective.
What is the primary effect of COX-1 inhibition by NSAIDs?
Reduction of gastric mucosal protection and platelet aggregation
Which COX enzyme is primarily responsible for inflammation and pain?
COX-2
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of non-selective NSAIDs? A) Gastrointestinal bleeding B) Increased appetite C) Weight loss
A) Gastrointestinal bleeding
True or False: Selective COX-2 inhibitors are designed to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
True
What is the mechanism by which NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory effects?
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to decreased prostaglandin synthesis
