Module 9 (?) Flashcards
Difference in villi between small and large intestine
there are NO villi present in the large intestine
Circular folds of small intestine that increase surface area by 3x
plicae circulares (valves of Kerckring)
What increases small intestine surface area the most?
microvilli
Main epithelial cells in small intestine
simple columnar epithelium
Mucus secreting unicellular glands in the absorptive cells of the intestinal epithelium
goblet cells
Glands in the intestine are also known as
crypts of Lieberkuhn
Where are stem cells, enteroendocrine cells, and paneth cells located in the intestine?
lower half of the crypts of lieberkuhn
small cells near the base of the intestinal epithelium that secrete hormones into the lamina propria
enteroendocrine cells
protein secreting cells at the base of intestinal glands that secrete lysozyme
Paneth cells
Lymphatic vessels running through the lamina propria of the small intestine
lacteal
What is distinguishing about the duodenum?
it has submucosal Brunner’s glands
What does the jejunum lack?
both brunner’s glands and peyer’s patches
Which section of the small intestine has most goblet cells?
ileum
Special clusters of lymphoid tissue in ileum
Peyer’s patches
Main function of large intestine
absorb water
fascicles found in the muscularis externa of large intestine
teniae coli
bulges of the colon
haustra
type of epithelium inside the rectum
stratified squamous, NON keratinized epithelium
type of epithelium on the anus
Stratified squamous KERATINIZED epithelium
glands in the anal canal
circumanal and sebaceous glands
part of the large intestine that contains extensive lymphoid tissue (both diffuse and nodular) and only a few goblet and paneth cells
appendix
main functions of the liver?
produce bile, lipid. carbohydrate, protein, and iron metabolism. also creating coag factors
exocrine production of the liver
bile
components of the liver lobule
Central vein, portal triad, strands of hepatocytes, framework of reticular fibers
Where does blood first enter the liver?
sinusoids
what epithelium lines the liver sinusoids?
discontinuous, fenestrated layer of endothelial cellls
phagocytic cells derived from monocytes that eliminate harmful microorganisms from the liver
Kupffer cells
space between sinusoids and hepatocytes
Space of Disse
What is at the center of a portal lobule?
bile ductf
concentric regions around hepatic arteries
liver acini (acinus of Rappaport)
which zone of the liver acinus gets blood and glucose?
zone I
lipid and age pigments are found in which liver zones?
II and III
What does the gallbladder notably lack?
muscularis and submucosa
hormone released by duodenum that causes contraction of the gallbladder
cholecystokinin
main functions of the pancrease
produce digestive enzymes and secrete insulin and glucagon
shape of pancreatic acini
pyramidal around a central lumen
most abundant pancreatic enzyme
trypsin
what hormones are released from the duodenum in response to food and acid digestion?
CCK and secretin
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of lots of fluid with a high concentration of bicarb?
secretin
Which hormone releases digestive enzymes to break down food?
CCK
