Module 8 Flashcards
3 main salivary glands
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
What is saliva made of?
mixed secretion from all main glands and secondary glands
What makes saliva be secreted?
mechanical, chemical, olfactory, or psychic stimuli
What are the 2 types of acinar cells?
serous and mucous
What are main secretory components of a salivary gland?
acinar secretory units, myoepithelial cells, and initial excretory ducts (intercalated and striated)
which is the largest salivary gland?
parotid
Which salivary gland secretes 30% of saliva?
parotid
What are the 3 parts of the parotid gland?
septa, lobes, and lobules
Serous secretory cells in the parotid release which enzyme?
amylase
What separates the lobes and lobules of the parotid?
connective tissue
Where are the parotid glands located?
anterior to the ears
Are the parotid ducts intralobular or interlobular?
intralobular
What secretory units predominate in the submandibular glands?
serous (4:1 serous to mucous acinar cells)
What are the mucous acinar cells capped with?
demilunes
Demilunes secrete what enzyme?
lysozyme
Immunohistochemistry is needed to see what structure in the salivary glands?
myoepithelial cells
Which salivary gland is not encapsulated?
sublingual
What is the ratio of mucous to serous acini in the sublingual glands?
4:1, mucous to serous (OPPOSITE OF SUBMANDIBULAR!!)
Which gland secretes apx. 5% of saliva?
sublingual
What are the predominant cell types in each of the salivary glands?
Parotid: nearly 100% serous
submandibular: 4:1 serous to mucous
sublingual: 4:1 mucous to serous
What are intercalated ducts lined with?
cuboidal epithelium
What are striated ducts lined with?
tall columnar epithelium
What is special about the epithelium within the striated ducts?
They have invaginations w lots of mitochondria to increase surface area and water/ion transport
What kind of epithelium is mostly on the tongue?
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
What epithelium covers the tongue papillae?
keratinized epithelium
Serous and mucous glands are found within which epithelial layer in the tongue?
lamina propria
What are the 3 main types of papillae on the tongue?
filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate
What is the shape of the filiform papillae?
conical in shape
What is the shape of fungiform papillae?
fungus/mushroom!
What is the shape of circumvallate papillae?
“circum-valley” bc they have a furrow or valley present
What is the most numerous type of papillae in humans?
filiform papillae
What is the main function of filiform papillae?
tactile sensation/feeling
Where are most fungiform papillae found?
tip of the tongue
Where are the circumvallate papillae found?
far in the back of the tongue, the “sulcus terminalis”
Which lingual papillae have taste buds?
fungiform and circumvallate
Which papillae are the least numerous?
circumvallate
What glands are found deep within the lamina with circumvallate papillae?
glands of von Ebner
What do glands of von Ebner do?
secrete fluid into the furrow of the circumvallate papillae
What structure is show in this image?
Tongue
Name these 3 structures
1) filiform papilla
2) fungiform papilla
3) circumvallate papilla
What is shown in this structure here? And what are the small structures around the periphery of the tissue?
Circumvallate papilla. The small projections are taste buds.
What are the structures labeled? (CP, F, TB, GE, SM)
Circumvallate papillae, taste buds, furrow, glands of von Ebner, skeletal muscle
What structure is pictured, and what is the tissue labelled GE?
Circumvallate papilla, glands of von Ebner
Pale, barrel-shaped bodies located in the epithelial layer extending from the basal lamina to the lateral surface of circumvallate
Taste buds
What are the 4 types of cells found in a taste bud?
neuroepithelial (chemoreceptive) cells, support cells (sustentacular), basal cells, taste pore cells
What is show in this image?
Taste bud
What structure is shown here? What are the thin white separating lines? What are the round structures?
Parotid gland. Septa separate and ducts are the tubes
What is the circular structure pictured in the micrograph?
intralobar duct of the parotid
What are the white structures shown in this picture?
Mucous acinar cells
What are the tubular structures shown in this micrograph of the submandibular gland?
intralobular ducts
What are the dark red structures in this micrograph of the submandibular gland?
Serous secreting acinar cells
What gland is shown in this micrograph? What cells predominate?
Sublingual gland. Mucous cells predominate here
What are the 4 layers of the intestinal wall?
mucousa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and the serosa/adventitia
Which part of the intestinal wall includes epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa?
The mucosal layer
What two epithelial types are found in the mucosa of the GI tract?
stratified squamous or simple columnar
Which layer of the GI mucosa contains glands, lymphatic tissue, and macrophages?
lamina propria
What layer of the GI mucosa promotes movement of the mucosa?
muscularis mucosa
Which layer in the intestinal wall contains dense connective tissue, the submucosal plexus, and exocrine glands?
Submucosa
What connective tissue is found in the submucosa?
dense regular connective tissue
What is the function of the submucosal plexus?
stimulate release of products from glands
Which layer of the intestinal wall consists of two layers of smooth muscle?
Muscularis externa
Where is the myenteric plexus located?
in the muscularis externa
Layer of the GI tract consisting of loose connective tissue covered by simple squamous mesothelium or simple squamous epithelium
Serosa
Layer of the GI tract consisting of purely connective tissue
adventitia
What structure is pictured?
Esophagus
Where is the thickest layer of muscularis mucosa?
esophagus
What epithelial cells line the esophagus?
non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
Which layer of the esophagus contains vessels, lymphatics, WBCs, submucosal plexus, and submucosal glands?
the submucosa
What layer of the esophagus contains coarse collagenous and elastic fibers, folds, and glands?
submucosal layer
Which esophageal layer are the following glands found?
simple tubular, cardiac glands in the proximal and distal esophagus
lamina propria
Which esophageal layer are the following glands found?
tubuloalveolar mucous glands
submucosal layer
What two structures are the only regions of the alimentary canal that have glands?
esophagus and duodenum
Which section of the esophageal muscularis externa contains skeletal muscle?
the upper 1/3
Which section of the esophageal muscularis externa contains both skeletal and smooth muscle?
middle 1/3
Which section of the esophageal muscularis externa contains only smooth muscle?
lower 1/3
Where is the myenteric (auerbach’s) plexus found?
between the two layers of the muscularis externa in the esophagus
What is the major nerve supply to the GI tract and controls GI motility?
myenteric plexus
What is the peritoneal (below diaphragm) esophagus covered by?
connective tissue serosa
What is the retroperitoneal section of the esophagus covered by?
adventitia
What are the 2 types of exocrine glands in the esophagus?
Esophageal glands and esophageal cardiac glands
Where are esophageal cardiac glands found?
in the lamina propria near the stomach
Where are esophageal glands “proper” found?
in the submucosa scattered along the length of the esophagus
What is the top part of the stomach called?
Fundus
What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?
cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
What are the folds in the stomach that increase surface area?
rugae
partially mixed and digested fluid found in the stomach
chyme
What structure is pictured?
Stomach
