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Module 12- male repro Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of testis

A

Tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea, tunica vasculosa

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2
Q

Outer layer of testis

A

Tunica vaginalis

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3
Q

Inner layer of testis with loose connective tissue and blood vessels

A

tunica vasculosa

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4
Q

How many lobules are within the testis

A

~250 lobules (pyramidal compartments or lobuli testis)

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5
Q

What does the tunica albuginea project into?

A

Mediastinum testis

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6
Q

what structure within the testis lobules contains loose connective tissue stroma with nerves, blood, lymph, and Leydig cells?

A

seminiferous tubules

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7
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Testis

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8
Q

What cells produce testosterone in the testes?

A

Interstitial cells of Leydig

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9
Q

Where are Leydig cells found?

A

in groups within connective tissue around seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

When do the convoluted seminiferous tubules become straight tubules (tubulus rectus)?

A

at the apex of the lobules near mediastinum

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11
Q

What do the straight seminiferous tubules become continuous with?

A

rete testis

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12
Q

What is the anastomosing channel within the mediastinum?

A

Rete testis

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13
Q

What epithelium lines the seminiferous tubules?

A

complex stratified germinal epithelium

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14
Q

2 cell types found in germinal epithelium in seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

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15
Q

What does the basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium rest on?

A

Peritubular tissue

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16
Q

non-proliferating columnar cells in the seminiferous epithelium with an oval nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and golgi system?

A

sertoli cells

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17
Q

organelles in sertoli cells

A

nucleolus, ER, lysosomes, golgi

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18
Q

What cells occupy deep recesses in both lateral and apical surfaces of sertoli cells?

A

spermatogenic cells

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19
Q

junction type at the base of sertoli cells

A

tight junctions

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20
Q

What cells in the testis are resistant to heat, ionizing radiation, and toxic agents?

A

sertoli cells

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21
Q

What do sertoli cells secrete?

A

androgen binding protein and inhibin

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22
Q

What two hormones do sertoli cells facilitate in binding?

A

FSH and testosterone

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23
Q

proliferative cells that migrate continuously from periphery of tubules to luminal free surface of the seminiferous tubules

A

germ cells

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24
Q

Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and immature spermatids are all what kind of cell?

A

germ cell

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25
How to remember progression of sperm cells
gonia -\> cytes -\> tids: go-cart track
26
Cells that border the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules
spermatogonia
27
what do the 2 types of spermatogonia do?
Type A are like stem cells, type B produce primary spermatocytes
28
largest germ cells that concentrate in the middle zone (adluminal zone) of the epithelium
primary spermatocytes
29
What cells result through the meiotic division of spermatocytes?
primary spermatocytes -\> secondary spermatocytes -\> early spermatids
30
What is the progression of spermatids?
Early spermatids -\> late spermatids -\> spermatozoa
31
What is the process that transforms late spermatids into spermatozoa?
Spermiogenesis
32
What tissue is pictured here? ![]()
Testis
33
What 2 types of cells are pictured here? ![]()
spermatocytes (larger, more granular cells) and spermatogonia (more towards the basal lamina and more compact)
34
Which tissue are Leydig cells most notably found?
peritubular tissue
35
What is the makeup of the peritubular tissue basal lamina?
connective tissue fibers, flattened fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells
36
What may help spermatozoa move through seminiferous tubules?
smooth muscle cells
37
What structure is pictured, and what are the cells indicated by the arrows at the top? ![]()
seminiferous tubules, and the arrows point to leydig cells
38
What stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?
LH
39
What type of cell is pictured?
Leydig cells
40
Hormone required to maintain spermatogenesis, positively control Sertoli cells, and negatively control LH production
testosterone
41
Primary target cell for FSH in males
sertoli cells
42
What does FSH do in Sertoli cells?
initiates protein synthesis to create androgen binding protein, which is then secreted
43
Feedback inhibitor produced by Sertoli cells which regulates FSH secretion
Inhibin
44
What effect does Androgen Binding Protein have on testosterone?
it binds to testosterone and makes it easier to use, which enhances spermiogenesis
45
At what point do spermatogenic cells disappear and only sertoli cells remain?
at the tubuli recti, or straight tubules
46
epithelium in tubuli recti
sertoli cells form a simple columnar/cuboidal epithelium
47
Is there smooth muscle in the tubuli recti?
no
48
What is the central structure in this image?
Tubuli recti
49
irregular spaces lined by simple cuboidal and low columnar epithelium, where straight tubules end
rete testis
50
Rate of passage of spermatozoa through tubuli recti and Rete testis
rapid
51
What structured are pictured here?
rete testis
52
ductules that arise from Rete testis, are bound by connective tissue, and lined by simple columnar epithelium
efferent ductules (ductuli efferentes)
53
What is the only place in the male genital ducts where motile cilia are present?
Efferent ductules
54
What do the cilia in efferent ductules do?
transport spermatozoa to epididymis
55
What male tube(s) are involved in fluid resorption?
efferent ductules. They have non-ciliated shorter epithelial cells which have fluid resorptive function
56
What structure is pictured?
Efferent ductules
57
highly coiled tube that lies along the superior and posterior surfaces of testis
epididymis
58
Epithelium lining epididymis
pseudostratified epithelium. Columnar cells in the head but get more cuboidal towards the "tail"
59
Which duct has non-motile stereocilia
epididymis
60
Functions of epididymis
resorb fluid, maturation of sperm, store sperm, phagocytize defective sperm, secrete components necessary for final sperm maturation
61
Where do sperm become motile?
epididymis
62
What structure is pictured?
Epididymis
63
What structure is pictured?
epididymis
64
How long does it take spermatogonium to complete spermatogenesis
74 days
65
How long does it take sperm to pass through the epididymis?
~12 days
66
drugs that may affect male infertility
67
What does the epididymis turn into?
Vas deferens
68
Epithelium of ductus deferens
pseudostratified. has non-motile cilia
69
shape of Ductus Deferens mucosa
stellate pattern in its folds
70
Which part of the vas deferens is the lumen wider?
ammpulla
71
3 layers of muscle coat around Vas Deferens
inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal
72
What structure is pictured?
Vas Deferens
73
What layers are pictured here?
Muscle coat of the vas deferens: inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal
74
What is a risk of vasectomies?
primary progressive aphasia (PPA)
75
What muscle encloses the spermatic cord?
Cremaster muscle
76
What consists of the vas deferens, spermatic artery and vein, and testicular nerves?
Spermatic cord
77
What structure allows heat exchange around the testis?
pampiniform venous plexus- this allows countercurrent heat exchange
78
Temperature of testes
2-3 deg below 37C
79
What muscles help raise testes?
Cremaster muscle and dartos muscle
80
exocrine glands that come off the Vas Deferens and secrete fructose to give spermatozoa energy
seminal vesicle
81
What makes up the majority of ejaculate volume?
fluid from seminal vesicles
82
What do seminal vesicles look like histologically?
lots of folds, elaborate branching, anastomosing honeycomb
83
Epithelium in seminal vesicles
pseudostratified and sometimes simple columnar
84
exocrine gland of male reproductive system
prostate
85
pH of prostate fluid
slighly basic, 7.7
86
epithelium of the prostate gland
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
87
What gland is contained in dense fibromuscular stroma and a fibroelastic capsule?
main glands of the prostate
88
small hyaline masses derived from degenerate epithelial cells or thickened secretions, that tend to be ovoid, eosinophilic, and concentrically lamellated, and calcify with age
corpora amylacea (prostatic concretions)
89
What gland is pictured here?
prostate gland
90
compound tubuloalveolar gland that lies behind the membranous urethra and connects into the proximal portion of the penile (spongy) urethra, with simple columnar and cuboidal epithelium
cowper's glands (bulbourethral glands)
91
What gland is pictured?
Cowper's (bulbourethral) gland
92
What is the purpose of pre-ejaculatory fluid?
lubricate urethral lumen and increase motility of sperm in vagina and cervix by creating less viscous channel for sperm to swim through
93
What contributes to the jelly-like texture of semen?
pre-e fluid from cowper's glands
94
How much do Cowper's gland secretions make up ejaculate volume?
less than 1%
95
3 divisions of the male urethra
prostatic, menbranous, and penile
96
What glands located in the lamina propria of the penile urethra secrete mucous?
Glands of Littre'
97
3 parts to erectile tissue
paired corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum
98
sponge-like tissue with irregular vascular spaces lined by endothelium, connecting to afferent (helicine) arteries and efferent veins
corpus cavernosum
99
What separates the vascular spaces of erectile tissue?
trabeculae
100
What is the diversion of blood flow during erection?
from deep penile artery to helicine arteries
101
What surrounds each cavernosum?
thick fibrous capsule: the tunica albuginea
102
These motor fibers innervate smooth muscle of the tunica albuginea and blood vessels
sympathetic and parasympathetic
103
Why is the urethra not occluded during erection?
the capsule around the corpus spongiosum is thinner and less rigid than the capsule around the corpora cavernosa
104
What tissue is pictured?
Corpus spongiosum
105
What structure is located centrally here?
Gland of Littre
106
What glands are pictured?
Glands of littre' that drain into the urethral lumen
107

Histology (9 decks)

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