Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Module 12- male repro > Flashcards

Module 12- male repro Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of testis

A

Tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea, tunica vasculosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outer layer of testis

A

Tunica vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inner layer of testis with loose connective tissue and blood vessels

A

tunica vasculosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many lobules are within the testis

A

~250 lobules (pyramidal compartments or lobuli testis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the tunica albuginea project into?

A

Mediastinum testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what structure within the testis lobules contains loose connective tissue stroma with nerves, blood, lymph, and Leydig cells?

A

seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells produce testosterone in the testes?

A

Interstitial cells of Leydig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are Leydig cells found?

A

in groups within connective tissue around seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do the convoluted seminiferous tubules become straight tubules (tubulus rectus)?

A

at the apex of the lobules near mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the straight seminiferous tubules become continuous with?

A

rete testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the anastomosing channel within the mediastinum?

A

Rete testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What epithelium lines the seminiferous tubules?

A

complex stratified germinal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 cell types found in germinal epithelium in seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the basal lamina of the seminiferous epithelium rest on?

A

Peritubular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

non-proliferating columnar cells in the seminiferous epithelium with an oval nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and golgi system?

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

organelles in sertoli cells

A

nucleolus, ER, lysosomes, golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cells occupy deep recesses in both lateral and apical surfaces of sertoli cells?

A

spermatogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

junction type at the base of sertoli cells

A

tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cells in the testis are resistant to heat, ionizing radiation, and toxic agents?

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do sertoli cells secrete?

A

androgen binding protein and inhibin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What two hormones do sertoli cells facilitate in binding?

A

FSH and testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

proliferative cells that migrate continuously from periphery of tubules to luminal free surface of the seminiferous tubules

A

germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and immature spermatids are all what kind of cell?

A

germ cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How to remember progression of sperm cells

A

gonia -> cytes -> tids: go-cart track

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cells that border the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what do the 2 types of spermatogonia do?

A

Type A are like stem cells, type B produce primary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

largest germ cells that concentrate in the middle zone (adluminal zone) of the epithelium

A

primary spermatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What cells result through the meiotic division of spermatocytes?

A

primary spermatocytes -> secondary spermatocytes -> early spermatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the progression of spermatids?

A

Early spermatids -> late spermatids -> spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the process that transforms late spermatids into spermatozoa?

A

Spermiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What tissue is pictured here?

A

Testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What 2 types of cells are pictured here?

A

spermatocytes (larger, more granular cells) and spermatogonia (more towards the basal lamina and more compact)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which tissue are Leydig cells most notably found?

A

peritubular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the makeup of the peritubular tissue basal lamina?

A

connective tissue fibers, flattened fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What may help spermatozoa move through seminiferous tubules?

A

smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What structure is pictured, and what are the cells indicated by the arrows at the top?

A

seminiferous tubules, and the arrows point to leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What type of cell is pictured?

A

Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hormone required to maintain spermatogenesis, positively control Sertoli cells, and negatively control LH production

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Primary target cell for FSH in males

A

sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does FSH do in Sertoli cells?

A

initiates protein synthesis to create androgen binding protein, which is then secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Feedback inhibitor produced by Sertoli cells which regulates FSH secretion

A

Inhibin

44
Q

What effect does Androgen Binding Protein have on testosterone?

A

it binds to testosterone and makes it easier to use, which enhances spermiogenesis

45
Q

At what point do spermatogenic cells disappear and only sertoli cells remain?

A

at the tubuli recti, or straight tubules

46
Q

epithelium in tubuli recti

A

sertoli cells form a simple columnar/cuboidal epithelium

47
Q

Is there smooth muscle in the tubuli recti?

A

no

48
Q

What is the central structure in this image?

A

Tubuli recti

49
Q

irregular spaces lined by simple cuboidal and low columnar epithelium, where straight tubules end

A

rete testis

50
Q

Rate of passage of spermatozoa through tubuli recti and Rete testis

A

rapid

51
Q

What structured are pictured here?

A

rete testis

52
Q

ductules that arise from Rete testis, are bound by connective tissue, and lined by simple columnar epithelium

A

efferent ductules (ductuli efferentes)

53
Q

What is the only place in the male genital ducts where motile cilia are present?

A

Efferent ductules

54
Q

What do the cilia in efferent ductules do?

A

transport spermatozoa to epididymis

55
Q

What male tube(s) are involved in fluid resorption?

A

efferent ductules. They have non-ciliated shorter epithelial cells which have fluid resorptive function

56
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Efferent ductules

57
Q

highly coiled tube that lies along the superior and posterior surfaces of testis

A

epididymis

58
Q

Epithelium lining epididymis

A

pseudostratified epithelium. Columnar cells in the head but get more cuboidal towards the “tail”

59
Q

Which duct has non-motile stereocilia

A

epididymis

60
Q

Functions of epididymis

A

resorb fluid, maturation of sperm, store sperm, phagocytize defective sperm, secrete components necessary for final sperm maturation

61
Q

Where do sperm become motile?

A

epididymis

62
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Epididymis

63
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

epididymis

64
Q

How long does it take spermatogonium to complete spermatogenesis

A

74 days

65
Q

How long does it take sperm to pass through the epididymis?

A

~12 days

66
Q

drugs that may affect male infertility

A
67
Q

What does the epididymis turn into?

A

Vas deferens

68
Q

Epithelium of ductus deferens

A

pseudostratified. has non-motile cilia

69
Q

shape of Ductus Deferens mucosa

A

stellate pattern in its folds

70
Q

Which part of the vas deferens is the lumen wider?

A

ammpulla

71
Q

3 layers of muscle coat around Vas Deferens

A

inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal

72
Q

What structure is pictured?

A

Vas Deferens

73
Q

What layers are pictured here?

A

Muscle coat of the vas deferens: inner longitudinal, middle circular, and outer longitudinal

74
Q

What is a risk of vasectomies?

A

primary progressive aphasia (PPA)

75
Q

What muscle encloses the spermatic cord?

A

Cremaster muscle

76
Q

What consists of the vas deferens, spermatic artery and vein, and testicular nerves?

A

Spermatic cord

77
Q

What structure allows heat exchange around the testis?

A

pampiniform venous plexus- this allows countercurrent heat exchange

78
Q

Temperature of testes

A

2-3 deg below 37C

79
Q

What muscles help raise testes?

A

Cremaster muscle and dartos muscle

80
Q

exocrine glands that come off the Vas Deferens and secrete fructose to give spermatozoa energy

A

seminal vesicle

81
Q

What makes up the majority of ejaculate volume?

A

fluid from seminal vesicles

82
Q

What do seminal vesicles look like histologically?

A

lots of folds, elaborate branching, anastomosing honeycomb

83
Q

Epithelium in seminal vesicles

A

pseudostratified and sometimes simple columnar

84
Q

exocrine gland of male reproductive system

A

prostate

85
Q

pH of prostate fluid

A

slighly basic, 7.7

86
Q

epithelium of the prostate gland

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

87
Q

What gland is contained in dense fibromuscular stroma and a fibroelastic capsule?

A

main glands of the prostate

88
Q

small hyaline masses derived from degenerate epithelial cells or thickened secretions, that tend to be ovoid, eosinophilic, and concentrically lamellated, and calcify with age

A

corpora amylacea (prostatic concretions)

89
Q

What gland is pictured here?

A

prostate gland

90
Q

compound tubuloalveolar gland that lies behind the membranous urethra and connects into the proximal portion of the penile (spongy) urethra, with simple columnar and cuboidal epithelium

A

cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands)

91
Q

What gland is pictured?

A

Cowper’s (bulbourethral) gland

92
Q

What is the purpose of pre-ejaculatory fluid?

A

lubricate urethral lumen and increase motility of sperm in vagina and cervix by creating less viscous channel for sperm to swim through

93
Q

What contributes to the jelly-like texture of semen?

A

pre-e fluid from cowper’s glands

94
Q

How much do Cowper’s gland secretions make up ejaculate volume?

A

less than 1%

95
Q

3 divisions of the male urethra

A

prostatic, menbranous, and penile

96
Q

What glands located in the lamina propria of the penile urethra secrete mucous?

A

Glands of Littre’

97
Q

3 parts to erectile tissue

A

paired corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum

98
Q

sponge-like tissue with irregular vascular spaces lined by endothelium, connecting to afferent (helicine) arteries and efferent veins

A

corpus cavernosum

99
Q

What separates the vascular spaces of erectile tissue?

A

trabeculae

100
Q

What is the diversion of blood flow during erection?

A

from deep penile artery to helicine arteries

101
Q

What surrounds each cavernosum?

A

thick fibrous capsule: the tunica albuginea

102
Q

These motor fibers innervate smooth muscle of the tunica albuginea and blood vessels

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

103
Q

Why is the urethra not occluded during erection?

A

the capsule around the corpus spongiosum is thinner and less rigid than the capsule around the corpora cavernosa

104
Q

What tissue is pictured?

A

Corpus spongiosum

105
Q

What structure is located centrally here?

A

Gland of Littre

106
Q

What glands are pictured?

A

Glands of littre’ that drain into the urethral lumen

107
Q
A

Histology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions