Module 11 Flashcards
Where are the ovarian follicles found in the ovary?
cortex
Where are oocytes found?
ovarian follicles
Dense connective tissue layer found under the germinal epithelium on ovary
tunica albuginea
What structure is pictured here?
Cortex and medulla of the ovary
Identify the structures in the micrograph
ovary with follicles and oocytes
low cuboidal epithelial layer that covers the ovary
germinal epithelium or ovarian surface epithelium
4 developmental stages of ovarian follicles
primordial, primary, secondary, and graafian
which follicle stage has a single layer of squamous follicle (granulosa) cells
primordial
Which follicle stage is stimulated by FSH?
primary
What stage of follicular development does the zona pellucida begin to form?
primary
Which covering of the oocyte contains sperm receptors?
zona pellucida
Which stage of follicular development shows theca folliculi, theca interna, and theca externa?
primary
Which layer of the theca develops endocrine function?
theca interna
What stage of follicular development is pictured?
primary- multilaminar
Which stage of follicular development has simple cuboidal follicular cells?
primary
Which stage of follicular development do vesicles form?
secondary
Fluid found inside secondary follicle vesicles
liquor folliculi
Which stage of follicular development do oocytes reach full size?
secondary
What structure is pictured?
Secondary follicle
What results when vesicles in secondary follicles combine?
form an antrum
small group of granulosa cells that project out from the wall into the fluid filled antrum of the secondary follicle
cumulus oopherus
What surrounds the zona pellucida?
cumulus oopherus
What hormone do theca interna cells produce, and what receptor do they contain?
receptor for LH and produce androstenedione
How long does it take for a follicle to fully mature to the graafian stage
10-14 days
single layer of granulosa cellss that immediately surrounds the primary oocyte in the mature follicle
corona radiata
Is the graafian follicle ovulatory or pre-ovulatory?
pre-ovulatory
process of releasing the secondary oocyte from the graafian follicle
ovulation
what layer of follicular cells stays with the oocyte during ovulation?
corona radiata
average time for ovulation
28 days
degeneration of developing follicles that don’t release an egg
atresia (degeneration)
structure that forms due to high levels of LH after ovulation and functions as a temporary endocrine gland
corpus luteum
What hormone do luteal cells produce?
progesterone
What are the darkly stained cells pictured?
Theca lutein cells
corpus luteum involutes to form this structure
corpus albicans
functions of the oviduct
receive an ovulated ovum, conduit for sperm to reach oocyte, fertilization, initial stages of embryonic development
What are the 4 regions of the oviduct?
fimbrae/infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural region
Where in the oviduct does fertilization take place?
ampulla
What structure is pictured?
Folds in the fallopian tubes
What stage of development does the uterus receive the embryo?
second week
3 layers of the uterus
perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
which layer of the uterus has smooth muscle and large blood vessels?
myometrium
which layer of the uterus has glandular, secretory components?
endometrium
how many layers of muscle are in the myometrium?
4
what helps stimulate uterine contractions?
prostaglandins and oxytocin
What type of epithelium is found in the endometrium?
nonciliated secretory columnar cells and ciliated cells
What structure hormonally controls the uterus?
ovaries
structures that secrete “uterine milk” to feed an embryo
uterine glands
two layers of the endometrium
stratum functionalis and stratum basalis
thick superficial layer that makes up most of the endometrium and is sloughed of during menstruation
stratum functionalis
deep narrow layer of the endometrium that remains during menstruation and is vascularized by straight arteries
stratum basalis
3 phases of the menstrual cycle
proliferative, secretory, and menstrual
what 3 hormones increase drastically right before ovulation?
LH, FSH, estrogen (17-beta-estradiol)
what hormone during pregnancy keeps the corpus luteum going
HCG
what organ releases FSH and LH?
anterior pituitary
When does the secretory phase begin and what homrone is prevalent?
at ovulation. progesterone which comes from the CL
what phase of the menstrual cycle do uterine glands become “tortuous, dilated, and secrete”?
secretory phase
What phase of the menstrual cycle is shown?
secretory phase
internal epithelium of the cervix
simple columnar
external epithelium of the cervix
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
hormone that softens the cervix for delivery
relaxin
what comprises the lamina propria in the vaginal mucosa
loose connective tissue that has lots of elastic fibers
what is responsible for the low pH of the vagina
bacteria that metabolize glycogen and form lactic acid
epithelium of the vagina
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
What structure is pictured in this micrograph?
vagina- characterized by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
modified sweat glands (tubulo-alveolar glands) that produce exocrine secretions via the apocrine mechanism
mammary glands
what connects lobules of the mammary gland to the tip of the nipple?
lactiferous ducts/milk ducts
what separates lobes of mammary glands
adipose and connective tissue
hormones that cause growth of the duct system during pregnancy
estrogen and progesterone
what extra hormone is present for lactating mammary glands during pregnancy?
lactogen
hormone that promotes milk let-down
oxytocin
what do the alveoli look like in resting/nonsecreting mammary glands?
smaller and not developed and less numerous
