Module 8 - Alterations To Integumentary Structure/Function Flashcards
What is basal cell carcinoma?
Skin cancer arising from stem cells located in basal layer of hair follicles or epidermis
What are the three common growth patterns of basal cell carcinoma?
- Superficial basal cell carcinoma (flat, scaling macules)
- Nodular basal cell carcinoma (small pink nodule that enlarges and becomes ulcer)
- Morphoeic basal cell carcinoma (sclerosing growth pattern with pale scar)
What is the most common treatment and prevention of basal cell carcinoma
Surgical excision and improving sun protection behaviours
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Cancer arising from keratinocytes in outer layers of epidermis
What is solar keratosis?
Lesion that have atypical nuclei in epidermal basal later and hyperkeratosis
What is squamous cell carcinoma in situ?
Abnormal keratinocytes confined to epidermis
What is melanoma?
Malignant tumour arising from melanocytes
What are the four main types of melanomas?
- Superficial spreading melanoma
- Nodular melanoma
- Lentigo melanoma
- Acral lentiginous melanoma
What is the treatment for melanomas?
Wide, local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue
What is irritant contact dermatitis?
Non-allergic inflammatory response to chemical/physical agents
What are the clinical manifestations of irritant contact dermatitis?
Burning pain, erythema, blistering and swelling
What is allergic contact dermatitis?
Type IV delayed T-cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction (must penetrate the epidermis)
What two responses result from a latex allergy?
Type IV T-cell mediated hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity that causes anaphylaxis
What is atopic dermatitis?
Inherited chronic inflammatory skin disorder
What are the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis?
Skin dryness and erythema localised to area of the skin
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting areas of body where sebaceous glands are prominent
What is acne vulgaris?
Inflammatory disorder of pilosebascous follicle
What are the clinical manifestations of acne vulgaris?
Papules, cysts, pustules and abscesses that may scar
What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?
Topical treatments including salicylic acid
What is acne rosacea?
Chronic inflammatory disease characterised by facial erythema, lesions, oedema and flushing
What are the clinical manifestations of acne rosacea?
Skin dryness, swelling, roughness, stinging and burning
What is the treatment of acne rosacea?
Alleviate symptoms = Avoid UV exposure and known triggers
What is cutaneous lupus erythematous?
Inflammatory autoimmune disease
What are the clinical manifestations of cutaneous lupus erythematous?
Rash on both cheeks and across nose, maculopapular ash and lesion on areas of skin exposed to light
What is the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematous?
Protection from light, topical corticosteroids to treat lesions
What are papulosquamous disorders?
Group of skin disorders that present with scaly papules and plaques
What are examples of papulosquamous disorders?
Psoriasis, lichen planus and pituriasis rosea
What are the clinical manifestations of papulosquamous disorders?
Lesions with red plaque, well defined edges and vary in side and shape
What is the treatment of papulosquamous disorders?
Topical treats (corticosteroids), topical therapy combination of oral agents and biological therapies
What is cellulitis?
Spreading infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue (red, hot, swollen and painful)
What is the treatment of cellulitis?
Systemic antibiotics (fluclocacillin), and high stretch bandage to aid lymphatic drainage
What is herpes simplex virus 1?
Infection of oral and respiratory mucosa
What are the clinical manifestations of HSV1?
Burning, stinging or tingling sensation at site of lesion and small, inflamed vesicles
What is herpes simplex virus 2?
Infection of the genitalia
What are the clinical manifestations of HSV2?
Females = Vesicles on vulva, perianal skin, vagina and cervix
Males = Vesciles on penile shaft and perianal area
What is the treatment of HSV2?
Antiviral medication
What are the clinical manifestations of varicella?
Fever, headache, sore throat and vesicles that progress to pustules
What are the clinical manifestations of herpes zoster (shingles)
Tingling, itching or pain in area of affected nerve and rash of vesicles
What is the treatment of varicella and herpes-zoster?
Antiviral medication, topical creams and analgesics
What is candidiasis?
Caused by yeast like fungus which inhibits skin and mucous membranes as part of normal flora
What is the treatment of candidiasis?
Depends on site and severity
Skin = Antifungal creams
Oral = Oral gels
Vaginal = Antifungal vaginal creams
What are scabies?
Contagious parasitic infestations caused by microscopic mite sarcoptes scabiei
What are the clinical manifestations of scabies?
Scaly rash with crusts and kyperkeratinisation
What is the treatment of scabies?
Topical permethrin preparations
What are pressure injures?
Area of localised injury to skin/underlying tissue over bony prominence
What are the clinical manifestations of pressure injuries?
Result from tissue ischaemia (discoloured areas of skin to tissue necrosis) (hyperaemia, pain and fever) and inflammatory response
What are skin tears?
Wounds caused as a result of shearing, friction or blunt trauma to the skin
What is the treatment of skin tears?
Assess skin trauma and control bleeding, clean wound and cover with non-adherent dressing
What are the clinical manifestations of burns?
Elevated HR (shock), los of skin integrity leads to loss of body temp, sensations perceived by skin are impacted
What is the treatment of burns?
Airway maintenance and fluid resuscitation (maintain tissue perfusion), cover wounds with autograft or skin substitute to improve scar quality
