Module 5 - Acid Base Imbalance Flashcards
When does protein buffering occur?
In response to changes in acid-base status
What occurs during protein buffering?
Proteins combine with hydrogen ions to bugger excess acid
What is carbonic acid?
Combination of carbon dioxide and water
Where does carbonic-acid buffering occur?
Lungs and kidneys
How does the respiratory system compensate for pH changes?
Changes ventilation to increase/decrease concentration of carbon dioxide
How does the urinary system compensate for changes in pH?
Produces more acidic or alkaline urine
How does the respiratory system regulate acid base?
Increased carbon dioxide increased amount of acid to lower pH
Once haemoglobin carrying hydrogen ions returns to lungs, acid can be eliminated from the body
How does the renal system regulate acid base?
Nephrons remove acid from blood and produce new bicarbonate ions
Distal tubules secrete hydrogen into urine and reabsorb bicarbonate
When does respiratory acidosis occur?
When pH is less than 7.35 and gas exchange decreases
When does respiratory alkalosis occur?
PH is greater than normal and alveolar hyperventilation causes reduction in carbon dioxide levels
What is metabolic acidosis?
Acids (sources other than carbonic acid) increases
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive loss of metabolic acids or bicarbonate levels increase
What is the major substance involved in protein buffering?
Haemoglobin
What is the normal pH level range?
7.35-7.45
What is the carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffering formula?
CO2 + H20 —> H2CO3 —> HCO3 + H+
