Fluid And Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
What are the modes of water movement between functional compartments?
Passive diffusion, active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis
What is capillary hydrostatic pressure?
Blood pressure
What is capillary oncotic pressure?
Pressure within a blood vessel
What is interstitial hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure within tissues which pushes fluid back towards capillaries
What is interstitial oncotic pressure?
Draws water back into interstitium
What factors contribute towards oedema?
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased capillary oncotic pressure, increased capillary permeability and decreased lymphatic drainage
Discuss the impact of water balance on the body.
Low blood volume causes hypotension whereas high blood volume causes hypertension
How is water balance regulated?
Antidiuretic hormone increases circulating blood volume (decrease BP) and increases reabsorption of water in the kidneys
What is hypovolaemia?
Loss of overall circulating blood volume
What are the common clinical manifestation of hypovolaemia?
Decreased BP and capillary refill, dry mucous membranes and decreased urine output
What are the common clinical manifestations of hypervolaemia?
Increased BP, weight gain and oedema
What is hypernatraemia?
Increased blood sodium concentration
What are the common clinical manifestations of hypernatraemia?
Increase BP, dry mucous membranes, changes to CNS function
What are the common clinical manifestations of dehydration?
Dry mucous membranes, thirst, weight loss, decreased BP and concentrated urine
What is hyponatraemia?
Decreased blood sodium concentration
