Module 6 - Alterations To Haematological Function Flashcards
What is anaemia?
Reduction in concentration of haemoglobin in blood
What is iron deficiency anaemia?
Inadequate iron intake/excessive iron loss
What is pernicious anaemia?
Absence of intrinsic factor
What is aplastic anaemia?
Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells
What is renal anaemia?
Deficient production of erythrocytes
What is post-haemorrhagic anaemia?
Sudden blood loss occurring too quickly
What is thrombocytopenia?
Decrease in number of circulating platelets
What is haemophilia?
Genetic abnormalities linked to deficient production of clotting factor
What is impaired haemostasis?
Inability to promote coagulation and development of stable fibrin clot
What is thromboembolic disorder?
Thrombus may form as unwanted clotting factor
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Widespread activation of coagulation resulting in formation of fibrin clots
What three factors contribute towards Virchow’s Triad?
- Injury to blood vessel endothelium
- Abnormalities of blood flow
- Hyper-coagulability of blood
What is leukaemia?
Clonal malignant disorder of blood and blood clotting organs
What is acute leukaemia?
Proliferation of undifferentiated/immature cells
What is chronic leukaemia?
Predominant cell is mature but does not function properly
What is lymphadenopathy?
Enlarged lymph nodes (increased size and number of germinal centres due to proliferation of lymphocytes/monocytes)
What are malignant lymphomas?
Diverse group of neoplasms that develop from proliferation of malignant lymphocytes
What is multiple myeloma?
B cell malignancy of bone marrow
What are the three types of coagulation disorders?
Decreased production of clotting factor (haemophilia)
Inability to promote clotting formation (Vitamin K deficiency)
Thromboembolic disorders (thrombus, PE)
