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Sociology 1110 > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Max Weber: Power

A

-“The ability to exercise one’s will over others”
~Power affects more than personal relationships: it shapes larger dynamics like social groups, professional organization, corporations, governments, and nation-state interactions.
~A dominant nation-state often uses its clout to influence or support other governments or to seize control, influence, and even rule other notion-states.
*Soft power
**Getting a country to jump on board with a treaty.
*Hard power
** Actual force used (Wars)

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2
Q

Coercion

A

-Treat or use of violence to force compliance
~Costly, difficult, and requires surveillance and suppression.
~Vulnerable to instability

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3
Q

Legitimate Authority

A

-Power recognized as rightful by those over whom it is exercised
~Based on consent by those who are governed

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4
Q

Ideology

A

-Refers to a set of ideas, beliefs, and values that are used to understand the world
~Ideology can be understood as a comprehensive way of looking at things
~”Total systems of thought held by society’s ruling groups that obscure the real conditions and thereby preserving the status quo.” Karl Mannheim

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5
Q

Types of political ideology you should know

A
  • Conservatism
  • Liberalism
  • Fascism
  • Neoliberalism
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6
Q

Conservatism

A

-Often values hierarchy

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7
Q

Liberalism

A

-We need to free up stuff from the hierarchy

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8
Q

Fascism

A

-A product that comes from crisis

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9
Q

Neoliberalism

A

-We need to get the government totally out of the economy
-We destroy or undermined the governing meninism in which people at least in principle can participate to the extent to the society democratic
~To create the perfect storm

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10
Q

Nation-states

A

-Governments have sovereign power within defined territorial areas, and populations are citizen who know themselves to be part of single nations

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11
Q

Nations

A

-People with a common identity that ideally includes shared culture, language, and feelings of belonging to a specific territory

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12
Q

State

A

-A political apparatus ruling over a given territorial order, whose authority is backed by law and the ability to use force
~Distributes power and resources. Sets society’s goals and makes decisions, provides formalized laws and is backed by military force.
~Has monopoly over the use of violence
-Reflects more homogeneity that what really exists
-Exist within a larger interstate system

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13
Q

Characteristics of the State

A

-Political System
-Sovereignty
-Citizenship
-The Welfare
State
-Nationalism
~All lead to Nation-States

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14
Q

Democracy

A

-A political system that allows mass participation by its citizens to engage in the political decision making process or to elect representatives to government bodies
~The rule by the people
~Elements of a democratic political system

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15
Q

Elements of a democratic political system

A
  • Universal adult suffrage
  • All adult can vote
  • Competitive and open elections
  • Anyone can come in and participate
  • More than 1 political party
  • Alternative sources of information
  • Free press
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16
Q

Authuritarianism

A

-A system that denies popular participation in government and has limited/denied rights. Coercion often utilized
~Some societal institutional autonomy
~Populist authoritarianism: characterized by assertive leadership valuing security over civil liberties
*Dominant group frames itself as the victim and romanticize the past
*Committed to order over justice

17
Q

Totalitarianism

A

-Highly centralized political system that extensively regulates peoples lives. No political participation/rights. No limit to state power
~Strong ideological control

18
Q

Citizenship

A

-Members of political community, who have both rights and duties associated with that membership
~Horizontal membership

19
Q

Horizontal membership

A

-All citizenship of a nation-state are seen as equals and have equal treatment under the state.

20
Q

Civil rights

A

-Legal rights held by all citizen in a given national community
~Bill of Rights

21
Q

Political rights

A

-Rights of political participation, such as the right to vote in local and national elections, held by citizens of a national community.

22
Q

Social right

A

-Rights of social and welfare provision held by all citizens in a national community, including for example, the right to claim unemployment benefits and sickness payments provided by the state

23
Q

Sovereignty

A

-The undisputed political rule over a given territorial area by a government
~”Failed states”

24
Q

The Welfare State

A

-The government’s contributions to the promotion and protection of citizens and their wellbeing
~Examples of benefits provided by the welfare state
*Social Security
*Labor Laws
*State colleges and universities
*Minimum wage
*Public Education

25
Q

Nationalism

A

-A set of beliefs and symbols, expressing identification with a national or political community
~Examples
*Nazi Germany, US after 9/11, etc
~Currently we are witnessing a global resurgence of nationalism that is anit-globalization and antiimmigrant

26
Q

Patriotism

A

-The feeling of attachment, commitment, and allegiance to the nation

27
Q

Jingoism

A

-Extreme and belligerent patriotism, often xenophobic and chauvinistic, coupled with a aggressive and forceful foreign policy

28
Q

Functionalist Approach: Pluralist Theory

A

-Enohasizes the role of diverse and potentially competing interest groups play in the political process, none of which dominates the entire political arena
~Competing interests balance out power and keep it from becoming centralized
~To achieve a majority of votes, parties must be responsive to diverse interests groups

29
Q

Critique

A

-Assumes all interests are heard with equal importance and have specific interests groups representing all interests

30
Q

Conflict Perspective: The Power Elitw

A

-Small networks of individuals who hold concentrated power in modern societies
~Occupy the highest levels of power decide formally and informally key decisions affecting both foreign and domestic policies
~Those holding the highest positions in the three institutional areas all share similar social backgrounds and networks
~Composed mainly of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants’ from wealthy families who have attended the same prestigious universities, etc.

31
Q

Who are the Power Elite?

A
  • The federal government
  • Corporations
  • The military
32
Q

Critique

A

-Assumes elites always have the same interests and work together

33
Q

The Military Industrial Complex: A Case Study of The F-35

A

-Current price tag for the F-36: $392 billion
~”The program encompasses 1000 suppliers in 45 states supporting 133,000 jobs and more in other countries
~Originally estimated to cost $200 Billion
-Lockheed Martin Corp: #1 defense contractor (Business Insider 2012). It is the largest military aircraft manufacturer in the world.
~Ars sales: $35.7 billion
~Total Profits: $2.9 billion
~For 2014, Lockheed was award $19.7 billion in DOD contracts, accounting for nearly 10% of the total DOD contracts
~US government is the company’s primary customer.

34
Q

Civic engagement

A

-Participating in community life, discussions or activities that work to improve the conditions of the community to better all
~Elements of civic engagement
*Reading a newspaper
*Voting
*Participating in a voluntary association
**Neighborhood associations, church group, bowling league, etc.
~Aids in the development of trust among others as well as developing a sense of a greater of “collective good”
*Increases one’s ability to work with others from different social backgrounds

35
Q

Politics and voting trends

A

-Decline in political ID
~1964: 51% id as Democrat, 25% as Republican, and 23% as independent
~2014: 32% as Democrat, 23% as Republican, and 39% as Independent
-Growing distrust of politics and government
~Fueled by a declining levels of trust among citizens and lower levels of civic engagement
-Voting patterns and class differences
~77% of Americans believe that the economics system is unfair and power is concentrated to too few hands

36
Q

Interest groups

A

-A group organized to pursue specific interests in the political arena., operating primarily by lobbying the members of legislative bodies.

37
Q

Why is Voter Turnout so Low in the US?

A 
-Presidential elections
~1960- 64%
~2000-54%
-Midterm elections
~around 40% or less of the electorate turn our to vote
38
Q

Voter turnout in the US is the lowest among the rich, industrialized democratic nations

A
  • Among major industrial democracies, the US spends the lowest proportion of its total economy on government at the federal, state, and local levels: roughly one-third of its GDP
  • Americans expect less and get less from its government

Sociology 1110 (14 decks)

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