Module 1

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

-Is the scientific study of human society, groups, organizations, and social behavior

Question 2

Sociological Imagination

Answer 2

-Give you the ability to see and grasp the relationship between individual lives and the larger social forces that shape them
~Individuals and groups use free will to make social changes (agency)
~Our choices are enabled or constrained b patterned social arrangements (structure)

Question 3

Social structure

Answer 3

• underlying regularities and patterns in how people behave in their relationships with one another

Question 4

Critical thinking

Answer 4

• Recognize poor arguments
• Rejects statements not supported by evidence
• Questions assumptions

Question 5

Six rules of critical thinking

Answer 5

• Willing to ask any question
• Think logically
• Evidence-based arguments
• Consider all assumptions and biases
• Avoid anecdotal evidence
• Willing to admit when wrong or uncertain

Question 6

how does the average person in the US understand everyday life?

Answer 6

-Each person lives is a small orbit limiting the social situations they encounter

Question 7

Fallacy of the Individualistic perspective

Answer 7

• People succeed or fail, all on their own

- We choose to be poor or rich

Question 8

Critique

Answer 8

• Fails to account for environmental or structural factors

- Consider how opportunities are not equal for all

Question 9

Understanding Social Forces

Answer 9

• Individual
• Family/Friends
• Neighborhood
• National Context
• Global and Historical Era

Question 10

Obesity in America

Answer 10

-Individualistic framework for explaining obesity:
Obesity is seen and assumed to be a personal problem
~Americans are making individual choices to be not exercising, and eating too many fatty foods
-Obesity rates have increased at every income and education level over the last several decades
~1991, no state had an obesity rate higher than 14% of its total population
~Today, no state has an obesity rate lower than 20% of its total population
*24 states have a rate above 25%
*12 states have a rate about 30%

Question 11

Birth of Sociology

Answer 11

-Rooted in four interrelated historical developments
~Scientific revolution
~The Enlightenment
~The Industrial Revolution
~Urbanization

Question 12

Scientific Revolution

Answer 12

-The belief in science and reason

Question 13

The Enlightenment

Answer 13

-Equality, liberty, and fundamental human rights

Question 14

Industrial Revolution

Answer 14

-Shift from agriculture to manufacturing

Question 15

urbanization

Answer 15

-Mass migration from rural farms to urban factories

Question 16

Emile Durkhiem

Answer 16

-Used scientific principles and methods to study social structures

Question 17

Social facts

Answer 17

-Qualities external to people that shape their thinking and behavior

Question 18

Anomie

Answer 18

-Which occurs when traditional social constraints break down during periods of rapid social change

Question 19

Karl Marx

Answer 19

• Conflict theory

- Capitalism

Question 20

Capitalism

Answer 20

-The economy is the key social institution
~All human history thus far is the history of class struggles

Question 21

Two groups in conflict

Answer 21

• Bourgeoisie

- Proletariat

Question 22

Bourgeoisie

Answer 22

-Own the means the mode of production

~Factory owners

Question 23

Proletariat

Answer 23

-Someone who will sell themselves as wage labors

Question 24

Max Weber

Answer 24

-Values and ideas drive social change

Question 25

Bureaucracy

Answer 25

-Rule of the officials

Question 26

Formal Rationality or Rationalization

Answer 26

• People’s pursuit of goals increasingly shaped by rules regulations, and larger social structures

Question 27

Harriet Martineau

Answer 27

-Expanded scope of sociological research to include neglected institutions, members, and topics, especially those pertaining the domestic life, women, and minorities

Question 28

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 28

-First African American to graduate from Harvard
- Known for developing the concept of double consciousness and the first systemic studies and race in the first US
~Argued that race or “the color line” persisted after slavery was abolished and continued to be an important determinant of social stratification in the US