Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Socialization

A

-The life long process though which people acquire norms, values, and a sense of self
~No individual is immune to the reactions of others. People influence and modify their behavior at all phases of the life course
~Socialization produces social control
-Every individual is born into an objective social structure within which they encounter significant others who are responsible for their socialization.

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2
Q

Primary socialization

A

-Occurs from infancy through childhood. We become a member of society
~Involves the initialization of the identities of their significant others in a variety of emotional ways

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3
Q

Secondary socialization

A

-Socialization from childhood through adult life
~The induction of a socialized individual into new sectors of the objective world of the society
~Example: Stanford Prison Experiment
*Status of prisoner or guard
~Is done with the help of “Agents of socialization”

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4
Q

Agents of Socialization

A
  • The Family
  • School
  • Peers
  • Workplace
  • The Mass Media
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5
Q

Elements of Social Structure: Identity

A
  • Identity
  • Social identity
  • Master status
  • Self-identity
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6
Q

Identity

A
-The distinctive characteristics of a person's (or group's) character that relate to who a person is and what is meaningful to them
~Main sources of identity include gender, sexual orientation, nationally, race, ethnicity, and social class to name a few
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7
Q

Social identity

A

-The characteristics that are attributed to an individual by others

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8
Q

Self-identity

A

-The ongoing process of self-development and definition of our personal identity though which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and out relationship to the world around us

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9
Q

Self-identity

A

-The ongoing process of self-development and definition of our personal identity though which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and out relationship to the world around us

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10
Q

The Life Course

A

-The various transitions and stages people experience during their lives
~Individuals pass through many key transitions or stages during the course of their lives

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11
Q

Socialization through the life course

A
  • Childhood
  • The teenager
  • Young adult
  • Midlife
  • Later life
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12
Q

Charles Horton Cooley

A

-The “looking-glass” self
~The way in which a person’s sense of self develops from the interactions and perceptions of others
*Both face-to-face relationships but also from electronic media
*Looking for approval is motivational, fundamental human instinct
*Positive approval contributes to our sense of self/social belonging

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13
Q

Hypothesis

A

-Statement that proses a relationship between specific factors or variables

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14
Q

Variable

A

-Concept or its empirical measure that can take on multiple values

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15
Q

Correlation is not the same as cauastion

A

-Causal logic: relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other

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16
Q

Correlation

A

-Exist when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another

17
Q

Spurious correlation

A

-Means an apparent, although false, associated between tow (or more) variables caused by some other variable

18
Q

Independent variables

A

-Variables hypothesized to cause or influence another

19
Q

Dependent varibles

A

-Increase in the level of inequality in society (causal claim) will lead to an increase in crime

20
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

-Draws on objective and statistical data often focusing on documenting trends, comparing subgroups, or exploring correlations

21
Q

Qualitative Methods

A

-Relies on personal and/or collective interviews, accounts, or observations of a person or situation

22
Q

Ethnography

A

-The systematic observation of people while joing in theri routine actions
~In-depth and open-ended interviews
~Researcher embeds themselves within a community, organization, group, or activity
~Must gain trust and acceptance of the group/community

23
Q

Surveys

A

-Method in which questionnaires are administered directly to a group of people or population

24
Q

Sample

A

-A small-group of the overall population is selected to participate in the survey

25
Random sample
-Sampling method in which every member of the population has the same probability of being selected to participate
26
Experiments
-Research methods for investigating cause and effect in a controlled and systematic way ~Can be done in either artificial situations or in naturally occurring setting ~Experimental groups: receive some special attention based on researchers theory ~Control group: does not receive the special attention
27
Historical Comparative Analysis
-Seeks to explain large scale phenomenon by examining behaviors, attitudes, or other aspects of social life such as institutions, groups formation, economic systems, etc. across time and space
28
Ethical Questions
``` -Human subjects and ethical dilemmas ~Institutional Review Boards *Research must conform to ethical guidelines **Acquire informed consent **Minimize invasions of privacy **Minimize risks to participants **Ensure confidentiality **Avoid deception ```