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Health > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts, which prevent diseases and regulate life processes such as digestion, growth, muscle contraction, nerve impulses and vision.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of all micronutrients?

A

Dietary defense against oxidative stress. Not all antioxidants are micronutrients

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3
Q

Where is vitamin K made?

A

It is made sufficiently by the bacteria in the colon

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4
Q

What is vitamin K important to?

A

Blood coagulation

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5
Q

Which vitamin is responsible for absorption of minerals such as calcium in the intestine

A

Vitamin D

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6
Q

What is Vitamin D crucial for?

Where do we get vitamin D from?

A

Bone health and fighting viruses

Source = sunshine

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7
Q

Which Vitamin is vital for vision and where is it found?

A

Vitamin A, found in liver and yellow vegetables

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8
Q

Which Vitamin is essential for making collagen and fighting infection?

A

Vitamin C

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9
Q

What is deficiency of Vitamin C called?

A

Scurvy

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10
Q

Which common vitamin is found in vegetable oils

A

Vitamin E

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11
Q

Why is vitamin E important?

A

Vitamin E protects DNA and cell membranes and is necessary for enzyme function

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12
Q

How many B complex vitamins are there?

A

8

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13
Q

Are B complex vitamins water soluble or fat soluble?

A

Water soluble

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14
Q

If people are missing vitamin B what can happen?

A

Mouth sores, anemia, fatigue, skin problems and bloodshot eyes

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15
Q

What foods contain vitamin B?

A

Poultry, meat, seafood, and eggs

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16
Q

How many B complex vitamins are there?

Are they water soluble?

A

There are 8 B complex vitamins

Yes, they are water soluble

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17
Q

Which Vitamins are crucial in energy production, for the complex chemicals like DNA

A

Vitamin B complex vitamins

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18
Q

Which vitamins help in production of red blood cells and a important for maintenance and repair of life processes ?

A

B Complex Vitamins

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19
Q

What are the symptoms when a person is missing the B complex vitamins ?

A

Mouth sores, anemia, fatigue, skin problems and bloodshot eyes

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20
Q

What foods contain B complex vitamins?

A

Protein foods, such as poultry meat, seafood and eggs. Whole grains and beans contain plenty as well

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21
Q

What is a therapeutic dose?

A

A therapeutic dose is the amount of vitamins needed to cure a deficiency disease.

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22
Q

True or false, certain vitamins are more likely to be missing in the human diet than others.

A

True

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23
Q

What happens if u digest too many fat soluble vitamins?

A

Excessive amounts of fat soluble vitamins can build up in the body fat to toxic levels and cause illness

24
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Minerals are elements found in the earth, drawn up with water into plant roots

25
Q

How many many macro minerals are needed in hundreds and thousands of milligrams every day

A

5 macro minerals are needed

26
Q

What is Zinc?

A

Zinc is a valuable antioxidant mineral not stored in the body which means it must be in the diet everyday

27
Q

Which mineral is needed more? Potassium or sodium?

Which mineral do people like more because of its flavor?

A

People need more potassium but sodium tastes better

28
Q

What is a trace mineral?

A

A trace mineral is a mineral needed in small amounts.

29
Q

Eating foods with which vitamin will increase the absorption of iron and zinc?

A

Foods with vitamin C

30
Q

What does fluoride do? Where is it usually found?

A

Fluoride prevents tooth decay and is present in city water.

31
Q

What does iodine do? Where is it found?

A

Iodine is needed for thyroid and is found mostly in iodized table salt

32
Q

Define antioxidants

A

Antioxidant is the general term for substances that disarm free radicals.

33
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Free radicals are harmful molecules produced by oxidation

34
Q

What is oxidative stress ?

A

The combined damage from oxidation in the body

35
Q

What is oxygen ?

A

The corrosive element that causes oxidation damage

36
Q

Name 5 specific examples of antioxidants

A

Vitamins A,C and E, and the minerals zinc and selenium👍🏼

37
Q

What is the most important antioxidants in the blood?

A

Uric acid

38
Q

What do antioxidants do?

A

Antioxidants are important in healing the body. They boost your ability to fight disease, mend wounds, and build physical endurance and fitness

39
Q

What are phytochemicals?

A

Plant chemicals that have an effect on the human body

40
Q

What does soluble fiber do?

A

Soluble fiber in food increases the time food stays in the stomach. It also increases the sensation of fullness and lowers bad LDL cholesterol

41
Q

Where is soluble fiber found?

A

In oatmeal and beans

42
Q

Where is insoluble fiber found?

A

In whole grains, tomatoes and broccoli

43
Q

Is fresh food better or frozen food better?

A

Fresh food is better

44
Q

What happens when food is canned or dried?

A

The heat used in the process of canning and drying causes delicate vitamins to be destroyed

45
Q

What do antimicrobials do? What is an example ?

A

They keep food from spoiling. Example: sulfur dioxide

46
Q

What do nitrites do?

A

The cure meat and preserve it from butolism

47
Q

What is botulism?

A

A form of food poisoning chased by Clostridium bacteria

48
Q

What enhances food quality?

A

Color, texture and flavor

49
Q

Name 2 natural color additives

A

Beet juice and grape skin extract

50
Q

What are artificial color additives?

A

Man-made colors for food usually made from petroleum or coal

51
Q

What do food texture additives do? Name 2 examples…

A

They make food more solid. Examples: arabic gum and carrageenan gum

52
Q

What do flavor additives do to food?

A

They enhance the flavor of the food

53
Q

What can MSG do to people who have a sensitivity to MSG?

A

It can cause headaches and discomfort.

54
Q

What do whole-grain foods contain?

A

They contain the starch, the germ and some of the bran from the original kernel of grain

55
Q

Why does a person feel hungry?

A

Because of a hormone called ghrelin is released from the digestive tract and travels to the brain’s hypothalamus

56
Q

What makes a food fortified?

A

A food becomes fortified when minerals and vitamins are added to the food for nutritional value

Health (6 decks)

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