Module 10 Flashcards
What is the alveolus?
it is the site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is a bronchiole?
A tiny branch of the bronchus
What is the epiglottis?
The epiglottis is the cartilage structure that closes the larynx during swallowing.
What is the pharynx?
The pharynx is the part of the respiratory system that connects the nose, mouth, Eustachian tubes, larynx and the esophagus.
What is the larynx?
The larynx is the Adam’s apple and the cartilage support for the vocal folds
What is the trachea?
The trachea is the windpipe supported by C-shaped cartilage rings
What are the concha?
The concha are mucosa-covered bones that cause the inspired air to tumble against mucosa to be warmed and humidified
What is the consumption of nutrients and oxygen to make ATP and carbon dioxide called?
Answer: cellular respiration.
What are cilia?
Tiny hair like structures that line the respiratory system and propel mucus against gravity into the pharynx.
What is expiration?
The release of air from the lungs either active or passive
What is inspiration?
Inspiration is the process of drawing air into the lungs.
What is the inspiratory reserve volume?
The IRV is the maximum amount of air u can draw into your lungs after normal inspiration.
Define the nasal spectrum.
The wall, partially bone and partially cartilage, that divides the nasal cavity into left and right.
What is phlegm?
Phlegm is thick, irritating mucus in the respiratory system
What is the residual volume?
The residual volume is the air left in the lungs after forced expiration.
Define the tidal volume.
The tidal volume is the amount of air in a breath; about a pint.
What is a sinus?
An empty space in your skull that lightens your head and resonates with your voice
What is the name for the largest sinuses
Maxillary Sinuses
What are mucosa and what do they line?
Mucosa are goblet cells that produce mucus they line the sinuses
What 4 common substances/situations can produce respiratory symptoms
Dry Air
Smoke
Allergens
Pool Chemicals
Do allergies cause fever?
No
What is the difference between a dry cough and a productive cough?
A productive cough sounds like some is trying to cough something up (phlegm). A Dry cough doesn’t produce phlegm
What are 5 ideas for someone with a nosebleed?
Sit upright, lean forward, pinch the bridge of the nose, don’t bend over, if the bleeding continues for 30+ min, get help
What is A.E.D machine?
A device that evaluates the heartbeat and gives a powerful jolt of electricity to restart the heart
Define air hunger
The desire to breath brought on by carbon dioxide levels in the blood
What is apnea?
A pause in breathing
What is asthma?
The overreaction of the bronchi and bronchioles to an allergen or situation
What is a CPAP machine?
A device helpful in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
What is croup?
Swelling of the larynx or trachea in children with a cold
What is an ECG machine
A device that evaluates the heartbeats electrical signal
What is OSA?
Many episodes of apnea during sleep
Define snoring
The rattling of the back of the tongue, soft palate or tonsils while breathing during sleep
What are the palatine tonsils and the pharyngeal tonsils?
Glandular tissue lumps in the pharynx that fight infection
What can cause a sore throat
Yelling, coughing, dry air, postnasal drip, acid reflux, infection, allergy, trauma (sharp tortilla chip)
What does each lung contain millions of?
Alveoli
What do red blood cells carry?
They carry carbon dioxide and oxygen in hemoglobin, a protein that contains iron
What is inspiration a result of?
Contraction of the muscles of inspiration
What structure is inflamed in pneumonia?
Alveoli
What structure is inflamed in bronchitis?
Bronchi
What structures are inflamed in croup?
Larynx and Trachea
What structure is inflamed during both pleurisy and pneumothorax?
The pleural layers
What structure is involved during the hiccups?
The diaphragm
What structure is inflamed during asthma?
The bronchi and bronchioles
What muscles are used when a person coughs and sneezes?
The muscles of expiration propel the air out at high speeds
What is launched out when a person coughs or sneezes?
Droplets that may contain bacteria or viruses
Name 3 conditions that have productive coughs
Bronchitis, pneumonia and allergies
What three layers can blood be separated into?
Plasma, white blood cells and red blood cells.
What 3 proteins are in plasma?
Albumin, Globulins and Fibrinogen
What does albumin do?
Albumin draws water from outside of the capillaries into the inside of the capillaries.
What do globulins do?
They help fight disease.
What does fibrinogen do?
It can be changed into fibrin by the complex process called the coagulation cascade
What is a thrombus?
A thrombus is a unwanted blood clot. A thrombus forms when coagulation of the blood happens too easily
What is a embolus?
A thrombus that has broken loose and is traveling in the bloodstream
What is pulmonary embolism?
When traveling blood clots clog the small vessels in the lung
What is the apex of the heart?
The blunt tip of the heart
What is the base of the heart?
The part of the heart connecting to major blood vessels
What is diastolic pressure?
The lowest level of blood pressure wave
What is a heart murmur?
The sound made by a leaking heart valve
What is mediastinum?
The region between the lungs that contains the heart, major blood vessels, the esophagus, and the trachea
What are pacemakers (SA nodes)
Very active cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that trigger the heart to contract.
What is systolic blood pressure?
It is the highest level of blood pressure wave
Define ablation
Surgery to remove rogue heart muscle cells that interfere with the normal heartbeat
What is a angioplasty
A surgery that widens a narrow artery and keeps it open with a stent
What is angina?
Pain from insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles
Define cardiac arrest.
No heartbeat or fibrillation
What are the coronary arteries?
They are the blood supply to the heart
Define fibrillation
A quivering heart muscle
What is a heart block
A condition in which a signal of a pacemaker doesn’t trigger the ventricles to contract
What is heart failure
Inadequate heart contractions
What is high blood pressure?
A systolic pressure of 140 or higher or a diastolic pressure of 90 or higher
What is a myocardial infarction? (MI)
MI= a heart attack leaving permanent heart damage or death
What is tachycardia?
Very ineffective heart contractions
What can be lost during a hemorrhage
Red blood cells can be lost.
What is a hemorrhage?
A session of excessive bleeding.
What type of poisoning can cause RBCs to be damaged?
Carbon Monoxide poisoning
What is sickle-cell anemia?
An inherited disease in which abnormal hemoglobin forms the RBC in a sickle shape.
What happens to RBCs that are removed?
they are recycled.
What is Jaundice?
Jaundice happens if lots of RBCs are destroyed at one time. The increase of bilirubin gives the person a yellowish appearance.
Where are RBCs made?
They are made in red bone marrow.
What is anemia?
When a person has a low amount of RBCs in the blood. A lower amount than normal.
What do arteries do?
Blood is pumped under pressure into arteries which have lots of smooth muscles.
What are arterioles?
Small branches of arteries.
Where does the blood go after it enters the arterioles?
the blood flows into the capillaries.
What do capillaries gather into?
They gather into venules.
What do venules gather into?
they gather into veins.
What do valves do in veins?
Valves keep the blood from flowing backward.
