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Health > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a connective tissue?

A

A group of cells that secrete matrix

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2
Q

What is Matrix?

A

An extra cellular substance.

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3
Q

What is collagen?

A

The most important protein in matrix.

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4
Q

What are cartilage and bone?

A

They are 2 connective tissues that give structure to the body.

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5
Q

What is vitamin C crucial for?

A

Without Vitamin C, collagen is defective.

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6
Q

What is cartilage?

A

A connective tissue that stays flexible.

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7
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

It is cartilage that protects the ends of bones in joints

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8
Q

How do most bones develop?

A

They develop as a cartilage model that hardens during ossification.

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9
Q

What is a osteoclast?

A

A cell that breaks down bone.

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10
Q

What is a osteoblast?

A

A cell that produces bone.

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11
Q

What is a chondroblast?

A

A cell that produces cartilage.

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12
Q

What is a osteocyte?

A

A mature bone cell.

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13
Q

What is a chondrocyte?

A

A mature cartilage cell.

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14
Q

Study question 7 on study guide.

A

Study question 7 on study guide.

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15
Q

What types of bone do osteoclasts break down?

A

Both lamellar bone and woven bone.

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16
Q

What builds lamellar and woven bone?

A

Answer: osteoblasts.

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17
Q

What does lamellar bone contain?

A

Organized collagen fibers , layers like plywood.

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18
Q

What does woven bone contain ?

A

Disorganized collagen fibers, piled like a haystack.

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19
Q

What covers lamellar and woven bone?

A

Answer: periosteum.

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20
Q

What type of bone is laid down quickly?

A

Woven bone.

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21
Q

What are both woven and lamellar bone made of?

A

They are both made of collagen and hydroxyapatite.

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22
Q

What type of bone is made of layered sheets called lamellae?

A

Lamellar bone.

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23
Q

What bone isn’t the strongest bone.

A

Woven bone.

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24
Q

What is lamellar bone organized around?

A

A blood vessel in a unit called an osteon.

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25
Q

What is woven bone used for?

A

Woven bone is used to patch fractures.

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26
Q

Study problem 9 in study guide.

A

Study problem 9 in study guide

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27
Q

What are the 3 main things that determine your height?

A

Genetics, nutrition and hormones.

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28
Q

What 3 vitamins are crucial in height ?

A

Vitamin C, Vitamin D and Calcium.

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29
Q

What happens when there is to much growth hormone in a person?

A

Giantism results making the person extremely tall.

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30
Q

What causes dwarfism?

A

Genetic mutation called anchondroplastia.

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31
Q

What does anchondroplastia do?

A

Limits cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plates, leaving the person with very short arms and legs.

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32
Q

What is bone remodeling?

A

The process of bone tissue being renewed. Remodeling removes old bone and replaces it with new bone.

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33
Q

What is a casted fracture?

A

The broken bone is held in place with a rigid non-removable device.

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34
Q

What is a closed fracture.

A

The entire bone remains enclosed under the skin.

35
Q

What is a displaced fracture?

A

Fragments of broken bone aren’t in their original places.

36
Q

What is immobilized fracture?

A

The general term for any system of holding the bone segments firmly in place to heal.

37
Q

What is a non-displaced fracture?

A

The fragments of broken bone remain in correct relationship and don’t need to be realigned.

38
Q

What is a open fracture?

A

a fragment of broken bone is openly exposed to the air.

39
Q

What is a reduced fracture?

A

The fragments of broken bone are realigned in proper relationship.

40
Q

What is a splinted fracture?

A

The broken bone is held in place with a removable device.

41
Q

What is hemotoma?

A

A pool of blood forms a clot and stops the vessels from bleeding around the bone.

42
Q

What does the acronym R.I.C.E. stand for?

A

Rest.

Ice.

Compression.

Elevation.

43
Q

What bone supports the eye and what happens if it is fractured?

A

The orbit, of fractured will result in double vision

44
Q

What bone supports the deep nasal spectrum and what results if it is fractured?

A

The vomer and ethmoid, if fractured results in trouble breathing through nose.

45
Q

What bone supports the facial cheek and what results if it is fractured?

A

The zygomatic arch, if fractured results in trouble opening the mouth.

46
Q

What bone supports the chin and lower teeth, and what happens if it is fractured?

A

The mandible, if fractured, can result in your teeth not biting together normally.

47
Q

What are sutures?

A

Fibrous joints that don’t move and join the bones of the skull to each other

48
Q

What are fontanels?

A

The soft spots between immature skull bones in a baby.

49
Q

What is a cleft palate?

A

When bones of the skull fail to develop all the way

50
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

A series of vertebrae that articulate with each other that are divided into regions.

51
Q

Where are cervical vertebrae located?

A

In the neck

52
Q

What vertebrae attach to the ribs?

A

The thoracic vertebrae.

53
Q

Where are the lumbar vertebrae located?

A

In the curve of the lower back.

54
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

A large fused vertebra that attaches between the coxal bones of the hips

55
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

4 rudimentary vertebrae that may fuse together, located under the sacrum.

56
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

When the thoracic curve of the spine is exaggerated.

57
Q

What is lordosis?

A

When the lumbar curve of the spine is exaggerated.

58
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

An unusual visible twist or curve in the spine

59
Q

How many sections does a typical vertebrae have?

A

2 sections

60
Q

What is the body of a vertebrae? What is the other section?

A

The body of a vertebrae is the weight bearing section.

The arch

61
Q

What is the foramen?

A

The section of the vertebrae that the spinal cord passes through.

62
Q

What do processes do?

A

They extend from the arch and connect with tendons and ligaments.

63
Q

What is costal cartilage?

A

A connection between the sternum and most of the ribs.

64
Q

What is a floating rib?

A

A bone that does not attach to the sternum.

65
Q

What is form?

A

Proper technique when performing a physical activity.

66
Q

What is a ligament?

A

A tough fibrous strap between bones that limit range of motion.

67
Q

What is a muscle?

A

A tissue that actively contracts and that can bear less stress than a tendon.

68
Q

What is range of motion?

A

The amount of healthy movement of a joint , preserved by stretching.

69
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A tough, fibrous strap connecting muscle and bone.

70
Q

What is “warming up” ?

A

An activity that stretches and prepares muscles , tendons, and ligaments before strenuous activity.

71
Q

What is a broken rib?

A

A painful lump on a rib that hurts with each deep breath and isn’t treated with bed rest or overuse.

72
Q

What is costochondritis?

A

An inflammation that causes pain with each deep breath.

73
Q

What is a hyperextention?

A

Bending a joint beyond its normal range of motion.

74
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Damage to a ligament.

75
Q

What is a strain?

A

Damage to a muscle or tendon.

76
Q

What is tendinitis?

A

An inflammation of a tendon from repeated damage.

77
Q

What is a torn ligament?

A

An injury that makes a joint unstable and more likely to dislocate.

78
Q

What is a joint

A

A fibrous structure where 2 bones come together

79
Q

What is a meniscus?

A

An extra pad of cartilage in some synovial joints

80
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Inflammation of a joint.

81
Q

What causes arthritis?

A

Injury, overuse, or the normal wear and tear of life.

82
Q

Study 43 in study guide

A

Study 43 in study guide

83
Q

Name 6 things in the body that increase because of exercise?

A 
Aerobic respiration 
Blood flow to the muscles 
Coordination
Myofibrils
Number of muscles that respond to a signal 
Strength

Health (6 decks)

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