Module 11 Flashcards
What is a connective tissue?
A group of cells that secrete matrix
What is Matrix?
An extra cellular substance.
What is collagen?
The most important protein in matrix.
What are cartilage and bone?
They are 2 connective tissues that give structure to the body.
What is vitamin C crucial for?
Without Vitamin C, collagen is defective.
What is cartilage?
A connective tissue that stays flexible.
What is articular cartilage?
It is cartilage that protects the ends of bones in joints
How do most bones develop?
They develop as a cartilage model that hardens during ossification.
What is a osteoclast?
A cell that breaks down bone.
What is a osteoblast?
A cell that produces bone.
What is a chondroblast?
A cell that produces cartilage.
What is a osteocyte?
A mature bone cell.
What is a chondrocyte?
A mature cartilage cell.
Study question 7 on study guide.
Study question 7 on study guide.
What types of bone do osteoclasts break down?
Both lamellar bone and woven bone.
What builds lamellar and woven bone?
Answer: osteoblasts.
What does lamellar bone contain?
Organized collagen fibers , layers like plywood.
What does woven bone contain ?
Disorganized collagen fibers, piled like a haystack.
What covers lamellar and woven bone?
Answer: periosteum.
What type of bone is laid down quickly?
Woven bone.
What are both woven and lamellar bone made of?
They are both made of collagen and hydroxyapatite.
What type of bone is made of layered sheets called lamellae?
Lamellar bone.
What bone isn’t the strongest bone.
Woven bone.
What is lamellar bone organized around?
A blood vessel in a unit called an osteon.
What is woven bone used for?
Woven bone is used to patch fractures.
Study problem 9 in study guide.
Study problem 9 in study guide
What are the 3 main things that determine your height?
Genetics, nutrition and hormones.
What 3 vitamins are crucial in height ?
Vitamin C, Vitamin D and Calcium.
What happens when there is to much growth hormone in a person?
Giantism results making the person extremely tall.
What causes dwarfism?
Genetic mutation called anchondroplastia.
What does anchondroplastia do?
Limits cartilage growth at the epiphyseal plates, leaving the person with very short arms and legs.
What is bone remodeling?
The process of bone tissue being renewed. Remodeling removes old bone and replaces it with new bone.
What is a casted fracture?
The broken bone is held in place with a rigid non-removable device.
What is a closed fracture.
The entire bone remains enclosed under the skin.
What is a displaced fracture?
Fragments of broken bone aren’t in their original places.
What is immobilized fracture?
The general term for any system of holding the bone segments firmly in place to heal.
What is a non-displaced fracture?
The fragments of broken bone remain in correct relationship and don’t need to be realigned.
What is a open fracture?
a fragment of broken bone is openly exposed to the air.
What is a reduced fracture?
The fragments of broken bone are realigned in proper relationship.
What is a splinted fracture?
The broken bone is held in place with a removable device.
What is hemotoma?
A pool of blood forms a clot and stops the vessels from bleeding around the bone.
What does the acronym R.I.C.E. stand for?
Rest.
Ice.
Compression.
Elevation.
What bone supports the eye and what happens if it is fractured?
The orbit, of fractured will result in double vision
What bone supports the deep nasal spectrum and what results if it is fractured?
The vomer and ethmoid, if fractured results in trouble breathing through nose.
What bone supports the facial cheek and what results if it is fractured?
The zygomatic arch, if fractured results in trouble opening the mouth.
What bone supports the chin and lower teeth, and what happens if it is fractured?
The mandible, if fractured, can result in your teeth not biting together normally.
What are sutures?
Fibrous joints that don’t move and join the bones of the skull to each other
What are fontanels?
The soft spots between immature skull bones in a baby.
What is a cleft palate?
When bones of the skull fail to develop all the way
What is the vertebral column?
A series of vertebrae that articulate with each other that are divided into regions.
Where are cervical vertebrae located?
In the neck
What vertebrae attach to the ribs?
The thoracic vertebrae.
Where are the lumbar vertebrae located?
In the curve of the lower back.
What is the sacrum?
A large fused vertebra that attaches between the coxal bones of the hips
What is the coccyx?
4 rudimentary vertebrae that may fuse together, located under the sacrum.
What is kyphosis?
When the thoracic curve of the spine is exaggerated.
What is lordosis?
When the lumbar curve of the spine is exaggerated.
What is scoliosis?
An unusual visible twist or curve in the spine
How many sections does a typical vertebrae have?
2 sections
What is the body of a vertebrae? What is the other section?
The body of a vertebrae is the weight bearing section.
The arch
What is the foramen?
The section of the vertebrae that the spinal cord passes through.
What do processes do?
They extend from the arch and connect with tendons and ligaments.
What is costal cartilage?
A connection between the sternum and most of the ribs.
What is a floating rib?
A bone that does not attach to the sternum.
What is form?
Proper technique when performing a physical activity.
What is a ligament?
A tough fibrous strap between bones that limit range of motion.
What is a muscle?
A tissue that actively contracts and that can bear less stress than a tendon.
What is range of motion?
The amount of healthy movement of a joint , preserved by stretching.
What is a tendon?
A tough, fibrous strap connecting muscle and bone.
What is “warming up” ?
An activity that stretches and prepares muscles , tendons, and ligaments before strenuous activity.
What is a broken rib?
A painful lump on a rib that hurts with each deep breath and isn’t treated with bed rest or overuse.
What is costochondritis?
An inflammation that causes pain with each deep breath.
What is a hyperextention?
Bending a joint beyond its normal range of motion.
What is a sprain?
Damage to a ligament.
What is a strain?
Damage to a muscle or tendon.
What is tendinitis?
An inflammation of a tendon from repeated damage.
What is a torn ligament?
An injury that makes a joint unstable and more likely to dislocate.
What is a joint
A fibrous structure where 2 bones come together
What is a meniscus?
An extra pad of cartilage in some synovial joints
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of a joint.
What causes arthritis?
Injury, overuse, or the normal wear and tear of life.
Study 43 in study guide
Study 43 in study guide
Name 6 things in the body that increase because of exercise?
Aerobic respiration Blood flow to the muscles Coordination Myofibrils Number of muscles that respond to a signal Strength
