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NUTR 120 > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Micronutrients are _______

A

Vitamins and Minerals

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2
Q

Difference between Vitamins and Minerals

A

Vitamins are organic substance (Carbon Hydrogen Bonding)
Minerals are Rock and Metal

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3
Q

we need to take _________ amounts of vitamins

A

Optimal

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4
Q

Optimal intake

A

Safe

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5
Q

If u take too little nutrient causes

A

Defeciency

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6
Q

If you take too much of a nutrient it causes

A

Toxicity

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7
Q

The main Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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8
Q

Water Solube Vitamins are

A

Vitamin B (comple)
Vitmain C

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9
Q

Types of Vitamin B

A

B1
B2
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Biotic
B6 - Pyridoxine
Folate
B12 - Cobalamin

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10
Q

B1

A

Thiamin

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11
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

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12
Q

Niacin

A

Nicotinic Acid

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13
Q

B6

A

Pyridoxine

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14
Q

Folate

A

Folic Acid

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15
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid

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16
Q

Vegetables and fruit are rich in

A

Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin A

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17
Q

Grain products have Vitamins

True or False

A

False
They do not

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18
Q

Milk and alt are rich in

A

Vitamin B12 and Vitamin A

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19
Q

meat and alt are rich in

A

Vitamin B6 and B12

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20
Q

5 Characteritics of Vitamins

A
  1. Complex organic substances
  2. Required in very small quantities
  3. Essential Nutrients
  4. Function as catalysts or coenzymes
  5. Their removal from diet produces a deficiency
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21
Q

All vitamins are essential except _________

A

Vitamin D

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22
Q

For some enzymes to work they need __________ and they are ____________

A

Coenzymes
Vitamins

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23
Q

Cofactors are ____________

A

Minerals

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24
Q

Cofactors can either be ________ or ___________

A

Catalysts
Enzymes

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25
Q

Vitamins A and D are stored in ___________

A

Liver

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26
Q

Excess intake of Vitamin A and D can cause __________

A

Toxicity

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27
Q

Fat Soluble vitamins cannot work as _____________

A

Coenzymes

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28
Q

Where does excess Water Soluble Vitamins go

A

Excreted

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29
Q

Water soluble Vitamins can act as ___________

A

Coenzymes

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30
Q

All water soluble Vitamins are not stored, except __________ and it is stored in _______

A

B12
Liver

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31
Q

You can get Vitamin B12 only from _____________

A

Animal Based foods

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32
Q

Thiamin is Vitamin _____

A

B1

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33
Q

__________ required as a coenzyme for enzymes involved in energy production, especially from Carbohydrates

A

Thiamin
Vitamin B1

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34
Q

2 Coenzymes of Thiamin

A

TPP
TDP

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35
Q

How is energy created after consuming carbs

A

CHO - Glucose - Pyruvate - Acetyl Co - A - Krebs cycle - energy

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36
Q

_______ is needed to turn pyruvate to Acetyl Co - A

A

TPP

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37
Q

RDA for Thiamin

A

1.1 mg for women
1.2 mg for men

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38
Q

Food Source of Thiamin

A

Meat and Alternatives

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39
Q

Thiamin is added to __________ by fortification

A

Grain Products

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40
Q

Deficiencies of Thiamin

A

Beriberi
Alcoholism

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41
Q

Beriberi

A

Ancient Disease
Occurs where refined grains are eaten (rice)

42
Q

Alcoholism

A

B1 is required as coenzyme to breakdown alcohol
Poor diet allows not to get enough B1
Lower B1 absorbtion

43
Q

Symptoms of Alcoholism

A
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Neurological changes ; lack coordination
  • Tingling, numbness
  • Depression
44
Q

Riboflavin is Vitamin ____

45
Q

2 Coenzymes of Riboflavin

46
Q

_________ Involved in reactions where glucose and fatty acids are used for energy

A

Riboflavin

47
Q

________ deficiency is unlikely

A

Riboflavin

48
Q

Angular stomatitis is deficiency of ________

A

Riboflavin

49
Q

Cracks in mouth, inflammation of tongue is _________ and a deficiency of __________

A

Angular Stomatitis
Riboflavin

50
Q

RDA for Riboflavin

A

1.1 mg for women
1.3 mg for men

51
Q

Food Sources for Riboflavin

52
Q

_______ destroyed by light

A

Riboflavin

53
Q

Milk also has ______

54
Q

Niacin is _______ and is a ____ soluble vitamin

A

Nicotinic Acid
Water

55
Q

2 enzymes of niacin

56
Q

________ is essential in allowing us to obtain energy from all three macronutrients

57
Q

RDA for niacin

A

14mg for women
16mg for men

58
Q

Niacin is eaten from _________

A

Meat and Alternatives
Chicken!
Also lentils

59
Q

pellagra is a deficiency of _________

60
Q

Symptoms of Niacin
The 3Ds

A

Weakness
Dermatitits
Diarrhea
Dementia

61
Q

_______ is the amino acid Niacin is from

A

Tryptophan

62
Q

Niacin consumed from goes to the ______

63
Q

Niacin for tryptophan is most middle and least found in

A

least: Cows milk
Middle: Corn
Highest: Ground beef

64
Q

Vitamin B6 exists in different forms of ___________

65
Q

3 Different Vitamers of Vitamin B6

A
  1. Pyridoxine
  2. Pyridoxal
  3. Pyridoxamine
66
Q

Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP) is the _______

67
Q

_________ is a coenzyme in reactions involving proteins, peptides

A

PLP
Vitamin B6

68
Q

PLP helps in the formation of the ________

69
Q

Iron defeciency could be a Vitamin ____ deficiency

70
Q

_______ helps Tryptophan to become niasin

A

PLP Vitamin B6

71
Q

______ helps Trp to become Seratonin

A

PLP Vitamin B6

72
Q

Sources of Vitamin B6

A

Whole grain rice
Vitamin B6

73
Q

RDA for vitamin B6

A

1.3mg / day

74
Q

PMS

A

Premenstural Syndrome

75
Q

________ influences activity of ________ that converts Trp to Niacin

A

Estrogen ; PLP Vitamin B6

76
Q

Increase in women taking Oral Contraceptives increases _______ also increasing the requirement of _______

A

Estrogen ; Vitamin B6

77
Q

Symptomks of B6 defeciency

A
  1. Convulsions, nerve symptoms / seizures
  2. Anemia
78
Q

_______ is a coenzyme in reactions that transfer methyl groups from one biomolecule from another

A

Cobalamin ; Vitamin B12

79
Q

________ is required to activate / inactivate folate

A

Vitamin B12

80
Q

Vitamin B12 can be only be found in

A

Animal Products

81
Q

RDA for B12

82
Q

How was B12 Discovered

A

1929 - Determined the existence of “IF”(Intrisic Factor) in gastric / stomach juice when combined with “Extrinsic factor in meat cured Pernicious anemia”

1948 FOUND OUT

83
Q

1948 Extrinsic factor

A

Vitamin B12

84
Q

1948 IF

A

Glycoprotein from stomach wall binds to B12

85
Q

Source of B12 for Vegans

A

B12 enriched soy foods
B12 supplements

86
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Neurological disorders
Big Blood cell

87
Q

B12 makes which part of the neuron

A

Myelin sheath

88
Q

Prenicious Anemia is NOT caused by

A

Lack of B12

89
Q

Source of Folate

A

Green leafy vegetables

90
Q

RDA for folate

A

400mcg/day

91
Q

FOLATE and B12 work together to make

A

Red blood cells

92
Q

Folate can cause ________

A

Neural Tube defects

93
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid

94
Q

Two forms of Ascorbic Acid

A

Ascorbic Acid
Dehydroascorbic acid

95
Q

When ascorbic acid is oxidized

A

Dehydroascorbiv acid

96
Q

RDA for Ascorbic acid

A

75 for men
90 for women

97
Q

________ is a reducing agent - donates electrons and hydrogen

98
Q

Dificiency of Vitamin C

99
Q

Smokers recommendations for Vitamin C

A

110 mg female
125 mf male

100
Q

UL of Vitamin C

101
Q

UL for folate

102
Q

Fenton reaction occurs from excess _______

NUTR 120 (12 decks)

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