Module 8 Flashcards
1
Q
Micronutrients are _______
A
Vitamins and Minerals
2
Q
Difference between Vitamins and Minerals
A
Vitamins are organic substance (Carbon Hydrogen Bonding)
Minerals are Rock and Metal
3
Q
we need to take _________ amounts of vitamins
A
Optimal
4
Q
Optimal intake
A
Safe
5
Q
If u take too little nutrient causes
A
Defeciency
6
Q
If you take too much of a nutrient it causes
A
Toxicity
7
Q
The main Fat Soluble Vitamins
A
A,D,E,K
8
Q
Water Solube Vitamins are
A
Vitamin B (comple)
Vitmain C
9
Q
Types of Vitamin B
A
B1
B2
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Biotic
B6 - Pyridoxine
Folate
B12 - Cobalamin
10
Q
B1
A
Thiamin
11
Q
B2
A
Riboflavin
12
Q
Niacin
A
Nicotinic Acid
13
Q
B6
A
Pyridoxine
14
Q
Folate
A
Folic Acid
15
Q
Vitamin C
A
Ascorbic Acid
16
Q
Vegetables and fruit are rich in
A
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
17
Q
Grain products have Vitamins
True or False
A
False
They do not
18
Q
Milk and alt are rich in
A
Vitamin B12 and Vitamin A
19
Q
meat and alt are rich in
A
Vitamin B6 and B12
20
Q
5 Characteritics of Vitamins
A
- Complex organic substances
- Required in very small quantities
- Essential Nutrients
- Function as catalysts or coenzymes
- Their removal from diet produces a deficiency
21
Q
All vitamins are essential except _________
A
Vitamin D
22
Q
For some enzymes to work they need __________ and they are ____________
A
Coenzymes
Vitamins
23
Q
Cofactors are ____________
A
Minerals
24
Q
Cofactors can either be ________ or ___________
A
Catalysts
Enzymes
25
Vitamins A and D are stored in ___________
Liver
26
Excess intake of Vitamin A and D can cause __________
Toxicity
27
Fat Soluble vitamins cannot work as _____________
Coenzymes
28
Where does excess Water Soluble Vitamins go
Excreted
29
Water soluble Vitamins can act as ___________
Coenzymes
30
All water soluble Vitamins are not stored, except __________ and it is stored in _______
B12
Liver
31
You can get Vitamin B12 only from _____________
Animal Based foods
32
Thiamin is Vitamin _____
B1
33
__________ required as a coenzyme for enzymes involved in energy production, especially from Carbohydrates
Thiamin
Vitamin B1
34
2 Coenzymes of Thiamin
TPP
TDP
35
How is energy created after consuming carbs
CHO - Glucose - Pyruvate - Acetyl Co - A - Krebs cycle - energy
36
_______ is needed to turn pyruvate to Acetyl Co - A
TPP
37
RDA for Thiamin
1.1 mg for women
1.2 mg for men
38
Food Source of Thiamin
Meat and Alternatives
39
Thiamin is added to __________ by fortification
Grain Products
40
Deficiencies of Thiamin
Beriberi
Alcoholism
41
Beriberi
Ancient Disease
Occurs where refined grains are eaten (rice)
42
Alcoholism
B1 is required as coenzyme to breakdown alcohol
Poor diet allows not to get enough B1
Lower B1 absorbtion
43
Symptoms of Alcoholism
- Muscle Weakness
- Neurological changes ; lack coordination
- Tingling, numbness
- Depression
44
Riboflavin is Vitamin ____
B2
45
2 Coenzymes of Riboflavin
FAD
FMN
46
_________ Involved in reactions where glucose and fatty acids are used for energy
Riboflavin
47
________ deficiency is unlikely
Riboflavin
48
Angular stomatitis is deficiency of ________
Riboflavin
49
Cracks in mouth, inflammation of tongue is _________ and a deficiency of __________
Angular Stomatitis
Riboflavin
50
RDA for Riboflavin
1.1 mg for women
1.3 mg for men
51
Food Sources for Riboflavin
Milk
52
_______ destroyed by light
Riboflavin
53
Milk also has ______
B12
54
Niacin is _______ and is a ____ soluble vitamin
Nicotinic Acid
Water
55
2 enzymes of niacin
NAD
NADP
56
________ is essential in allowing us to obtain energy from all three macronutrients
Niacin
57
RDA for niacin
14mg for women
16mg for men
58
Niacin is eaten from _________
Meat and Alternatives
Chicken!
Also lentils
59
pellagra is a deficiency of _________
Niacin
60
Symptoms of Niacin
The 3Ds
Weakness
Dermatitits
Diarrhea
Dementia
61
_______ is the amino acid Niacin is from
Tryptophan
62
Niacin consumed from goes to the ______
Liver
63
Niacin for tryptophan is most middle and least found in
least: Cows milk
Middle: Corn
Highest: Ground beef
64
Vitamin B6 exists in different forms of ___________
Vitmaers
65
3 Different Vitamers of Vitamin B6
1. Pyridoxine
2. Pyridoxal
3. Pyridoxamine
66
Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP) is the _______
Active B6
67
_________ is a coenzyme in reactions involving proteins, peptides
PLP
Vitamin B6
68
PLP helps in the formation of the ________
Heme ring
69
Iron defeciency could be a Vitamin ____ deficiency
B6
70
_______ helps Tryptophan to become niasin
PLP Vitamin B6
71
______ helps Trp to become Seratonin
PLP Vitamin B6
72
Sources of Vitamin B6
Whole grain rice
Vitamin B6
73
RDA for vitamin B6
1.3mg / day
74
PMS
Premenstural Syndrome
75
________ influences activity of ________ that converts Trp to Niacin
Estrogen ; PLP Vitamin B6
76
Increase in women taking Oral Contraceptives increases _______ also increasing the requirement of _______
Estrogen ; Vitamin B6
77
Symptomks of B6 defeciency
1. Convulsions, nerve symptoms / seizures
2. Anemia
78
_______ is a coenzyme in reactions that transfer methyl groups from one biomolecule from another
Cobalamin ; Vitamin B12
79
________ is required to activate / inactivate folate
Vitamin B12
80
Vitamin B12 can be only be found in
Animal Products
81
RDA for B12
2.4 mcg
82
How was B12 Discovered
1929 - Determined the existence of "IF"(Intrisic Factor) in gastric / stomach juice when combined with "Extrinsic factor in meat cured Pernicious anemia"
1948 FOUND OUT
83
1948 Extrinsic factor
Vitamin B12
84
1948 IF
Glycoprotein from stomach wall binds to B12
85
Source of B12 for Vegans
B12 enriched soy foods
B12 supplements
86
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Neurological disorders
Big Blood cell
87
B12 makes which part of the neuron
Myelin sheath
88
Prenicious Anemia is NOT caused by
Lack of B12
89
Source of Folate
Green leafy vegetables
90
RDA for folate
400mcg/day
91
FOLATE and B12 work together to make
Red blood cells
92
Folate can cause ________
Neural Tube defects
93
Vitamin C
Ascorbic Acid
94
Two forms of Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid
Dehydroascorbic acid
95
When ascorbic acid is oxidized
Dehydroascorbiv acid
96
RDA for Ascorbic acid
75 for men
90 for women
97
________ is a reducing agent - donates electrons and hydrogen
Vitamin C
98
Dificiency of Vitamin C
Scurvy
99
Smokers recommendations for Vitamin C
110 mg female
125 mf male
100
UL of Vitamin C
2000mg
101
UL for folate
1000 mg
102
Fenton reaction occurs from excess _______
Vitamin C
