Module 4: Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of Carbohydrates

A
  1. Simple
  2. Complex
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2
Q

All CHO are made up of

A

Monosaccharides

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3
Q

3 main Monosaccharides

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Galactose
  3. Fructose
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4
Q

In liver Fructose + Galactose =

A

Glucose

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5
Q

Functions of Glucose

A
  1. Used for energy
  2. Liver glycogen
  3. Used to make non essential Amino Acids
  4. Converted to fat - VLDL
  5. Released to the bloodstream
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6
Q

Once released to the bloodstream

A

Used as fuel by all body cells
Muscle Glycogen

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7
Q

insulin reacts to __________ blood glucose levels

A

High

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8
Q

Glucagon reacts to a __________ in blood glucose levels

A

Drop

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9
Q

Glucagon stimulates production of _________

A

Glycogen

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10
Q

Sources of Fructose

A

Honey, Fruit

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11
Q

Fermentation occurs in which kind of fibre

A

Soluble Fibre

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12
Q

What kind of gases are formed from Soluble Fibre

A
  1. Acetic Acid
  2. Propionic Acid
  3. Butyric Acid
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13
Q

Fecal matter of solube fibre is mostly ______________

A

Bacteria

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14
Q

Protein and Carbs are found in the ______ of the grain

A

Endosperm

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15
Q

B vits, Fe and Vitamin E are in the ______ of the grain

A

Germ

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16
Q

How does soluble fibre lower blood cholestrol

A
  1. Soluble Fibre binds to Dietary Cholestrol which decreases TC
  2. Fermentation of Soluble Fibre - Production of 3:0 propionic acid (Shuts down liver synthesis)
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17
Q

How much fibre do we need?

A

14g / 1000kcal

18
Q

_______ promotes liver fat synthesis

19
Q

Sucrose is a ________

A

Disaccharide

20
Q

How does HFCS (High Fructose Corn Syrup) contribute to the obesity epidemic?

A
  • Body can use Fructose than other sugars
  • Promotes Liver Fat synthesis which causes Fatty liver syndrome (increase VLDL eventually LDL)
  • Causing Obesity
21
Q

Sucrose is a combination of

A

Glucose and Fructose

22
Q

5 Constellations of Metabolic Syndrome

A
  1. Large Abdominal Obesity
  2. Diabetes
  3. Increase VLDL
  4. Increase blood pressure
  5. Decreased HDL
23
Q

Lactose is a type of __________

24
Q

Symptom of Lactose Intolerance

A

Stomach ache

25
Inability of Pancreas to make insulin from beta cells from pancreas is ___________
Type 1 Diabetes
26
Type 1 Diabetes is a ___________
Genetic Predisposition
27
Type 1 Diabetes patients must take _________
Insulin
28
Pancreas is released from ________ cells in the __________
Beta Pancreas
29
Body cells ignore insulin is __________
Type 2 Diabetes
30
The drug type 2 diabetes take and why is it useful
Metformin Increases insulin sensitivity
31
Define Glycemic Response
Blood glucose response after eating
32
3 main monosaccharides
1. Glucose 2. Galactose 3. Fructose
33
3 main Disaccharides
1. Maltose 2. Sucrose 3. Lactose
34
What does maltose break down to
2 Glu
35
What does sucrose break down into
Glu + Fru
36
What does lactose break down into
Glu + Gal
37
in hydrolysis reaction water is ________
Required Breakdown if Dissacharide
38
In condensation reaction water is _________
Created Dissacharide is formes
39
________ are prebiotics, food for healthy bacteria
Oligosaccharides
40
Examples of Oligosaccharides
Lentils Jereusellum Artichoke
41
DRI recommendations for carbs
45-65%
42
Only _______ is digested in the mouth
Starch