Module 4: Final Exam Flashcards
Two types of Carbohydrates
- Simple
- Complex
All CHO are made up of
Monosaccharides
3 main Monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
In liver Fructose + Galactose =
Glucose
Functions of Glucose
- Used for energy
- Liver glycogen
- Used to make non essential Amino Acids
- Converted to fat - VLDL
- Released to the bloodstream
Once released to the bloodstream
Used as fuel by all body cells
Muscle Glycogen
insulin reacts to __________ blood glucose levels
High
Glucagon reacts to a __________ in blood glucose levels
Drop
Glucagon stimulates production of _________
Glycogen
Sources of Fructose
Honey, Fruit
Fermentation occurs in which kind of fibre
Soluble Fibre
What kind of gases are formed from Soluble Fibre
- Acetic Acid
- Propionic Acid
- Butyric Acid
Fecal matter of solube fibre is mostly ______________
Bacteria
Protein and Carbs are found in the ______ of the grain
Endosperm
B vits, Fe and Vitamin E are in the ______ of the grain
Germ
How does soluble fibre lower blood cholestrol
- Soluble Fibre binds to Dietary Cholestrol which decreases TC
- Fermentation of Soluble Fibre - Production of 3:0 propionic acid (Shuts down liver synthesis)
How much fibre do we need?
14g / 1000kcal
_______ promotes liver fat synthesis
Fructose
Sucrose is a ________
Disaccharide
How does HFCS (High Fructose Corn Syrup) contribute to the obesity epidemic?
- Body can use Fructose than other sugars
- Promotes Liver Fat synthesis which causes Fatty liver syndrome (increase VLDL eventually LDL)
- Causing Obesity
Sucrose is a combination of
Glucose and Fructose
5 Constellations of Metabolic Syndrome
- Large Abdominal Obesity
- Diabetes
- Increase VLDL
- Increase blood pressure
- Decreased HDL
Lactose is a type of __________
Sweetness
Symptom of Lactose Intolerance
Stomach ache
Inability of Pancreas to make insulin from beta cells from pancreas is ___________
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes is a ___________
Genetic Predisposition
Type 1 Diabetes patients must take _________
Insulin
Pancreas is released from ________ cells in the __________
Beta
Pancreas
Body cells ignore insulin is __________
Type 2 Diabetes
The drug type 2 diabetes take and why is it useful
Metformin
Increases insulin sensitivity
Define Glycemic Response
Blood glucose response after eating
3 main monosaccharides
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
3 main Disaccharides
- Maltose
- Sucrose
- Lactose
What does maltose break down to
2 Glu
What does sucrose break down into
Glu + Fru
What does lactose break down into
Glu + Gal
in hydrolysis reaction water is ________
Required
Breakdown if Dissacharide
In condensation reaction water is _________
Created
Dissacharide is formes
________ are prebiotics, food for healthy bacteria
Oligosaccharides
Examples of Oligosaccharides
Lentils
Jereusellum Artichoke
DRI recommendations for carbs
45-65%
Only _______ is digested in the mouth
Starch