Module 2 : Final Exam Flashcards
Chylomycron transports _________ to the ________
Fat
Lymphatic system
Chylomycron is rich in
Triglycerides
Steps of Fat metabolism
- Chlylo drops off fatty acids and comes back to liver
2 Excess from liver become VLDL
3.VLDL transports its contents to destination - IDL comes back to liver or excess LDL is transported to blood
LDL is rich in _______
Cholestrol
HDL reverses _________ transport and this process is called __________
Cholestrol
Intentiersification
Chylomicron is made up of
TG
Cholestrol
Transports protein from Lymphatic - Blood
VLDL is made from fat in ________
Liver
Excess Carb and protein form VLDL becomes _______
IDL - LDL
LDL
Bad cholestrol
Delivers cholestrol to body tissues but if there is excess, it does not return to Liver
HDL
Reverse Cholestrol Transport
How do u measure Total Blood Cholestrol
LDL + HDL + VLDL
HDL < 1.03mM
CHD increased
LDL > 3.36mM
CHD increased
__________ is a food processing practice: Making Trans fats
Hydrogenation
2 Purposes of Hydrogenation
- Transform oil
- Increased Shelf life
- Transform oil
Making harder fat, spreadable, baking processes
- Increased shelf life
Saturated + Trans Fat increases shelf life
Natural fats have ____ double bonds
Cis
Hydrogenated fats have ____ double bonds
Trans
Fat Digestion
Break down food into small absorbable units
Fat digestion requires _________
Enzymes
Fat Absorbtion
Transfer of Digestive Components across Absorbtive Surface of GI to vascular or lymphatic system
Lymphatic System
Fluid around GI
Vascular Sytem
Bloodstream
First Step: TG enters into _______
Small intestine
Second step: Bile is produced from ________ entering ________ breaking down _________. This process is called _________
Liver
Small Intestine
Emulsification
Third step: Lipases is produced from _________ break down TG
Into individual elements
Bile clumps these things up again to form
Miscelles which are absorbed in the mucosal layer
Fa < 12 goes to the
vascular system
Fa > 14 goes to
Forms a chylomycron and goes to the lymphatic system
In a condenstation reaction water comes out as a _________
Product
Triglyceride has a ________ backbone with ______ fatty acid chains
Glycerol
3
Two important aspects of fatty acids which influences function
- Length of the chain
- Degree of saturation
- Degree of double bonds is dependant on
How many double bonds
16:0
Saturated Fatty Acid
Palimitic Acid
18:1n-9
Oleic acid
Omega 9
One double bond at the 9th carbon
Monounsaturated fatty acid
18:2n-6
Omega 6
Linolenic acid
Polyunsaturated
18:3n-3
Omega 3
Alpha linolenic acid
Plant based
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Olive oil
is oleic acid
Monounsaturated
Coconut oil
Saturated fatty acid
Flaxseed oil is rich in
Omega 3
Sunflower oil is rich in
Omega 6
4 roles of fat in the Diet
- Source of calories: 9 calories per gram
- Provides essential fatty acids: Omega 3 and 6
- Carries fat soluble Vitamins (ADEK)
- Palatability (Mouth Feel)
4 Roles of fat in the body
- Insulation
- Protection
- Energy reserve
- Precursor for other biomolecules
- Insulation
Keeps body warm
- Precursor for other molecules
a) Phospholipids, Eicosonoids
What does cholestrol form
Bile acids (Fat digestion)
Steroid Hormones (Estrogen, Testosterone)
