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Part 66 Module 7 > Module 7.19 > Flashcards

Module 7.19 Flashcards

1
Q

At what altitude do lightning strikes most likely occur?

A

8000ft to 14000ft

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2
Q

What does a lightning strike produce in aircraft skin?

A

A charge, which generates voltage

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3
Q

How is a spark produced?

A

When the current encounters a discontinuity on the aircraft skin, it jumps the gape creating a spark

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4
Q

What can happen if these gaps are near the fuel tanks?

A

The spark can ignite the fuel

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5
Q

How often do lightning strikes occur?

A

Approximately every 3000 flying hours

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6
Q

Do designers assume a lightning strike will be of a high or low intensity in there designs?

A

High intensity

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7
Q

How many strike points to lightning strikes cause, what are they?

A

2:
One at the entrance point
One at the exit point

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of lightning strike damage?

A

Direct damage
Indirect damage

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9
Q

What is direct damage described as?

A
  • Metallic structures which are burned, melted, or show signs of metal distortion
  • Non-metallic structures which are burned, punctured, or delaminated
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10
Q

What is indirect damage described as?

A

Damage to electrical systems, i.e. wires

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11
Q

What areas do lightning strikes normally occur?

A
  • Nose section and radome
  • Engine nacelles
  • Wing tips
  • Horizontal stabiliser tips and elevator tips
  • Vertical fin tip and rudder tip
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12
Q

What areas do lightning strikes normally not occur?

A
  • Drain masts
  • Pitot probes
  • Blade antennas
  • Extended ends of leading-edge slats
  • Trailing edges of flap track fairing tips
  • Landing gear
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13
Q

Where must all flight crew report all lightning strikes?

A

Tech log

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14
Q

What are the possible sizes of direct damage?

A

1/8 inch (3mm) in diameter
1/4 inch (6mm) or greater if the intensity is high

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15
Q

What are 3 examples of direct damage?

A
  • Burns
  • Discoloured paint
  • Delaminated
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16
Q

What type of testing techniques does delimitation require and why?

A

Non-destructive testing to determine extent of damage

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17
Q

What do lighting strike diverter strips do?

A

Divert lightning strikes

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18
Q

Where are diverter strips installed?

A

On composite radomes

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19
Q

What must all damage be repaired in accordance with?

A

SRM

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20
Q

What can be done to get the aircraft back into service quickly?

A

Temporary sealing (speed tape)

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20
Q

What can happen to ferous components after a lightning strike?

A

They can become magnetised

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20
Q

What is indirect damage caused by?

A

High-intensity lightning strikes

21
Q

why are magnetised components bad?

A

They can affect magnetic instruments like a compass

22
Q

How do we prevent instruments being affected by magnetised components?

A

We use non-ferrous fasteners in areas with sensitive equipment

23
Q

What can a lightning strike do to a bearing?

A

Cause burning or melting

23
Q

What do we use to stop the burning of bearings?

A

Bonding leads/cables, they provide a lower resistance path

24
Q

What is a lightning strike often referred to as?

A

A static discharge

24
Q

What is the function of stack discharger wicks?

A

To dissipate the static charge that builds up on the aircraft

25
Q

What does HIRF stand for?

A

High Intensity Radiated Fields

26
Q

When was HIRF requirements introduced?

A

1992

27
Q

What is HIRF?

A

Electromagnetic radiation that can potentially affect an aircrafts electrical systems

28
Q

What can high power circuits switching on and off cause?

A

HIRF and induce voltages in other circuits

29
Q

What can HIRF also be caused by?

A

lightning

30
Q

When does an aircraft undergo HIRF testing?

A

During its certification process

30
Q

What are the 3 primary areas to be considered for HIRF protection?

A
  • Aircraft structure (airframe skin and frame)
  • Electrical wiring installation protection (solid or braided shielding connectors)
  • Equipment protection (LRU case, electronics input-output protection)
31
Q

What are the 4 HIRF penetration checks?

A
  • Proper bonding of the aircraft
  • Correct crimping
  • Screens correctly terminated and earthed
  • All bonding terminals correctly torque loaded
32
Q

What will the aircraft also require after HIRF penetration?

A
  • Degaussing (demagnetising)
  • Calibration compass swing
33
Q

What 2 things can cause structural stresses upon landing?

A
  • Overweight landing
  • Hard landings
34
Q

What does the special inspection after a heavy landing determine?

A

If the aircraft exceeded the Maximum Design Landing Weight (MDLW)

35
Q

What is the most easily detectable sign of a heavy landing?

A

Wrinkled or creased wing skin

36
Q

When is a phase 1 inspection applicable?

A

When a hard landing or a high drag/side-load landing occurs

37
Q

What is a touchdown limitation expressed as?

A
  • A rate of decent
  • As a ā€˜gā€™ loading value
38
Q

What are the 4 different conditions for a high drag/side load?

A
  • The aircraft skidded or overran the prepared surface.
  • The aircraft made a landing short of the prepared surface.
  • The aircraft made a landing, and two or more tyres were blown.
  • The aircraft skidded on the runway sufficiently to make you think damage occurred.
38
Q

What happens during a phase 1 inspection?

A

A close visual inspection, kept as simple as possible

39
Q

When would you carry out a phase 2 inspection?

A

When the phase 1 inspection indicates that damage has occurred

40
Q

What inspection is carried out when an overweight landing occurs?

A

An aircraft overweight inspection

41
Q

What is checked in an aircraft overweight inspection?

A
  • Wrinkled Wing Skin
  • Fuel Leakage
  • Spar Webs, Bulkheads, Nacelle Skin, Firewall Skin, and Stringers
42
Q

What can severe turbulence cause?

A

The wing to exceed the normal wing load

43
Q

What must be performed after severe turbulence?

A

A special inspection covering all critical areas

44
Q

As a general guide, what loads indicate damage to airframe and/or engines on transport aircraft?

A

2.5Gs to 5.0Gs

45
Q

What can high heat do to heat-teated components?

A

Severely degrade the strength of the structure

46
Q

What must be done to any parts completely submerged in water?

A

They must be completely disassembled, thoroughly cleaned, dried, and treated with a corrosion inhibitor

47
Q

What must you do to water damaged seats, carpets, side panels, and instruments?

A

Replace them as water acting as an electrolyte can cause corrosion

48
Q

When will the aircraft be considered airworthy after water damage?

A

When all traces of water are removed

Part 66 Module 7 (16 decks)

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