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Part 66 Module 7 > Module 7.17 > Flashcards

Module 7.17 Flashcards

1
Q

Whose decision is final when manoeuvring an aircraft?

A

The person towing or taxiing

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2
Q

What is the most common max nose wheel steering angle?

A

+/- 70 degrees

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3
Q

If nose wheel steering is not available how may the aircraft be steered?

A

Differential use of the left and right brakes

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4
Q

When towing an aircraft from the tail wheel, what must be done?

A

Unlocked the wheel

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5
Q

What loads are towbars designed for?

A

Tensile

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6
Q

What forces are towbars subjected to?

A

Torsional/twisting loads

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7
Q

What prevents excessive loads between tractor and nose gear?

A

Sheer pin

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8
Q

What is incorporated into the tow bar to stop a snatching movement transmitted into the aircraft?

A

Shock absorber system

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9
Q

What do multi head attachments allow?

A

Operators can swap head to accommodate a variety of aircraft

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10
Q

How does a towbar-less tug operate?

A

Lifts the nose wheel of the ground by hydraulic actuators

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11
Q

Where are remote control tugs generally seen?

A

On smaller aircraft

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12
Q

What are remote control tugs ideal for?

A

Increased parking in hangars as there is no tractor and towbar length added to the aircraft size

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13
Q

If towing attachments are not provided how must the bridles be attached?

A

Passed around the legs in a position that avoids fowling pipes or structures

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14
Q

How should the aircraft be steering in bridle towing?

A

Via a steering arm attached to the nose wheel

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15
Q

If an aircrafts brake system is faulty what must personnel have?

A

Chocks to stop aircraft in an emergency

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16
Q

What are the 2 most common aircraft jacks?

A

Tripod and axle jacks

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17
Q

What will help the jacking team to tell the aircraft is supported equally?

A

Load gauges

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18
Q

What stops the rams from moving in the event of hydraulic failure?

A

Locking collars

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19
Q

When lifting or lowering where must the locking collar be?

A

1 inch from the top of the jack

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20
Q

When would an axle jack be used?

A

When it is not necessary to lift the whole aircraft

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21
Q

What is the purpose of jacking pads?

A

Protect airframe from the jack

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22
Q

What do secondary jack points require?

A

Installation of jack pad adapters

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23
Q

When is a tie down ring used when jacking light aircraft?

A

2 jacks under wing spars, the ring is used at the tail

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24
Q

What must be done to the other axels when jacking at a single point?

A

Sufficiently chock them

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25
Q

What should be the first operation when lowering an aircraft?

A

Raise the locking collars a few turns

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26
Q

Why must jack be moved clear immediately once away from jack pads?

A

In class the Oleos are stuck in the extended position and can bounce the aircraft

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27
Q

What is shoring also known as?

A

Trestling

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28
Q

What does shoring do?

A

Relives the stresses on the aircraft whilst doing maintenance

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29
Q

Where are trestles often put during heavy maintenance?

A

Tail section under major frames

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30
Q

Shoring trestles should never be used to what?

A

Jack the aircraft

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31
Q

What are some aircraft equipped with to ensure the aircraft is level during jacking?

A

Spirit level an/or plumb bob

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32
Q

What position is level in an attitude monitor?

A

D4

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33
Q

What are chocks used in addition to?

A

Aircraft parking brakes

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34
Q

What should be done to the chocks prior to refuelling or engine start?

A

They should be moved out ‘eased’ to allow for extra weight

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35
Q

What chapter would guidance on mooring/securing be found?

A

ATA 10

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36
Q

What determines the direction the aircraft is secured in?

A

Prevailing wind or forecasted wind direction

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37
Q

What are light aircraft secured with?

A

Ropes through tie down rings

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38
Q

Where must the ropes never be tied?

A

Lift struts

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39
Q

How much slack must be given to manila rope?

A

1 inch

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40
Q

What governs the number of tie downs on securing heavy aircraft?

A

Anticipated weather conditions

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41
Q

What must be installed/engaged on heavy aircraft?

A

Control surface locks

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42
Q

If aircraft is parked for a long period in cold conditions what is one thing that must be done?

A

Drain water systems

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43
Q

Where should protection devices be installed on the APU and engines?

A

Outlet and inlet, sensors and probes

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44
Q

What should be done to inform of protection covers/devices?

A

Tag on captains stick

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45
Q

What chapter is parked and storage outlined in?

A

ATA 10

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46
Q

What does the return to service after parking up to 2 days consist of?

A
  • Removal of safety devices and planks
  • Reset deactivated systems
  • Visual for damage and leaks
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47
Q

Does the 2 day inspection procedures still take place on return to service of more than 2 days?

A

Yes

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48
Q

How often should visual inspections take place when storing for extended periods?

A

7 and 15 day intervals

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49
Q

What position must the trimmable horizontal stab be in?

A

Neutral

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50
Q

For long storage what state should fuel tanks be in and why?

A

Full to prevent micro-biological corrosion

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51
Q

Periodically moving the aircraft prevents what?

A

Bearing brinelling and tyre flattening

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52
Q

What can be mixed in with fuel to prevent corrosion?

A

Inhibitors

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53
Q

What period of time must tire pressures be checked?

A

If aircraft is parked longer than 20 months

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54
Q

What intervals are there for checking the aircraft in storage?

A
  • Weekly
  • Bi-weekly
  • Monthly
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55
Q

Moving of the aircraft and checking oleo pressure should be done how often?

A

Bi-weekly

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56
Q

What should be done to the battery when parked for a long periods?

A

Removed or disconnected

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57
Q

What are the 4 checks done on a one month check?

A
  • Opening cargo door and re-grease
  • Operate aircon
  • Testing avionics
  • Test ice protection systems
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58
Q

What are the 2 main aviation fuel categories?

A
  • Aviation gasoline
  • Turbine fuels
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59
Q

How is av gas graded?

A

Octane number

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60
Q

What does a higher number mean in AV Gas?

A

The higher the number the more resistant to knocking

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61
Q

80 AV gas is what colour?

A

Red

62
Q

100 AV gas is what colour?

A

Green

63
Q

100LL AV gas is what colour?

A

Blue

64
Q

All turbine fuels are what colour?

A

Colourless or light straw

65
Q

What are the 3 types of turbine fuels?

A
  • Jet A
  • Jet A-1
  • Jet B
66
Q

What are the 2 refuelling methods?

A
  • Gravity/overwing
  • Pressure refuelling
67
Q

Where are gravity refuelling points typically located?

A

Top of the tank i.e. on the wing

68
Q

Where is the receptacle for pressure refuelling?

A

Leading edge of wing

69
Q

What are the benefits to pressure refuelling?

A
  • Decrease refuel time
  • Limits contamination
  • Reduce chance of static electricity igniting the fuel
70
Q

How many operatives does pressure refuelling require?

A

1 person

71
Q

What is the max refuel pressure?

A

50 psi

72
Q

What is the rate of delivery?

A

1000 gallons a minute

73
Q

What is the max defuel pressure?

A

11 psi

74
Q

How can the aircraft be defueled?

A
  • Gravity
  • Pressure
75
Q

What does gravity refuelling drain into?

A

An earthed container

76
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q

What are the 2 methods of pressure de-fuelling?

A

Utilise negative pressure or aircraft pumps

78
Q

What can’t be done with fuel drained from an aircraft?

A

Can NOT be used on another aircraft

79
Q

Why should company procedure be consulted regarding this issue (Fuel not being allowed to be put in another aircraft after being removed from one)?

A

Some companies may give concession to put the fuel into another one of their aircraft or the same one

80
Q

Static electricity can build up during refuelling but more so in what conditions?

A

Cold and Dry weather

81
Q

What can a static discharge cause?

A

A spark

82
Q

What should be done to the aircraft before refuelling?

A

Grounding, grounding the fuel truck must also be done

83
Q

How may a grounding point be identified?

A

A placard

84
Q

What does bonding do?

A

Consistent electricity flow between truck and aircraft, stops sparks

85
Q

What must the safety zones include?

A

An escape route for the vehicle

86
Q

What occurs when a tank is overfilled?

A

Fuel spills into the vent tank, each tank has a NACA duct to spill it onto the ground

87
Q

When would fuelling be suspended?

A

When electrical storms are in the vicinity

88
Q

When would an aircraft be in a cold soak config?

A

Parked in cold weather with the Outside Air Temp (OAT) of less than 0 degrees c

89
Q

What can occur if the fuel is below 0 and the aircraft is subject to precipitation?

A

Clear ice can form on the wing, even if OAT is as high as 15 degrees c

90
Q

What temperature range does most airframe icing occur?

A

0 to -10 degrees c

91
Q

Ice formation is still possible down to what temp?

A

-40 degrees c

92
Q

What is ice formation also dependant on?

A

Cloud cover

93
Q

What are some effects of ice on airframes?

A
  • Decrease in lift
  • Increase in drag
  • Malfunction of instruments
  • Loss of control
94
Q

What is de-icing?

A

Removal of frost, ice, snow from aircraft structures

95
Q

How are de-icing fluids applied?

A

Heated

96
Q

What is anti-icing?

A

Procedure that prevents the formation of ice or frost for a limited time

97
Q

What is the time period that anti-icing prevents formation called?

A

Holdover time

98
Q

What us the one step method for de-icing and anti-icing?

A

De-icing and anti-icing are mixed together and applied

99
Q

What is the one step methods drawback?

A

Limited anti-icing protection

100
Q

What is the two step method of de-icing and anti-icing?

A

De-ice followed by anti-ice

101
Q

What must not replace physical checks for ice?

A

Electrical or mechanical detectors

102
Q

How should critical surfaces be inspected for ice?

A

By hand

103
Q

How should engines be pre-heated?

A

Blower heaters

104
Q

If the aircraft is wet after flight what should be done to the covers?

A

Apply anti-freeze to the underside of the covers

105
Q

What should be done if the aircraft arrives at the gate with the flap and slats not fully retracted?

A

Inspected and de-iced if necessary

106
Q

Type 1 fluids are considered what?

A

Unthickened

107
Q

Type 2 fluids are used for what aircraft and why?

A

Large aircraft, won’t flow off until 100 knots

108
Q

When are type 3 fluids used?

A

Rotation speed of less than 100 knots

109
Q

What is a benefit to type 4 fluids?

A

Larger holdover time than type 2

110
Q

How are de-icing fluids applied?

A

Heated through a high pressure spray system

111
Q

How is anti-icing fluid applied?

A

Sprayed on cold

112
Q

How quick after de-icing must anti-icing be applied?

A

Within 3 minutes

113
Q

What can be added to anti-icing fluid to vary holdover time?

A

Water

114
Q

What are the typical spray areas for anti-icing?

A

Top surfaces (fore to aft and outboard to inboard)

115
Q

What areas must be avoided for anti-icing?

A

Brakes and wheelsWhat can affect holdover time?

116
Q

AEA type 2 / 75 / 16.43 local
1 2 3

A

1 - Type of fluid
2 - 75% fluid, 25% water
3 - Time of start of application

117
Q

What is the DC supply of an aircraft?

A

28V

118
Q

How many pins does a DC supply plug have?

A

3

119
Q

What does each pin do on a DC connecter?

A

One negative
One positive
One earth

120
Q

What is the SC supply for the aircraft?

A

115V AC, 400Hz, 3 phase

121
Q

How should the GPU be parked?

A

Lead is extended full length out, not stretched

122
Q

How many pins does an AC plug have?

A

6 pins

123
Q

When are engine driven GPU’s useful?

A

Non-operational APU

124
Q

How many aircraft turn arounds can a battery powered GPU do?

A

10 - 12

125
Q

What is a utility GPU?

A

It takes standard grid electric and converts it to aircraft compatible electric

126
Q

What must the hydraulic test rig supply?

A

Same pressure and low rate as aircraft

127
Q

What couplings are used to connect to the aircraft?

A

Quick disconnect

128
Q

What may the rig require before use?

A

Bleeding of air

129
Q

What should be done after using the test rig?

A

Check reservoir levels (rig and aircraft)

130
Q

What psi do pneumatic ground systems provide?

A

Up to 50 psi

131
Q

What do pneumatic ground systems do?

A

Can be used to start engines and heat and cool aircraft

132
Q

What does the can’t consist of?

A

An APU

133
Q

What should be done to an aircraft exposed to extreme cold for any length of time?

A

Fit covers to prevent snow build up

134
Q

What should small tags be marked with so they are taken off?

A

Markers/tags i.e. remove before flight

134
Q

Why would glycol be painted around doors or panels?

A

To prevent freezing shut

135
Q

When should painting with glycol not be done and why?

A

If snow is expected because it causes slush

136
Q

To save time what can wheels be parked on?

A

Planks or sand

137
Q

Flaps slats and THS should be in what position?

A

Neutral

138
Q

What temp of air to heat external skin is safe?

A

<100 degrees c

139
Q

What additional protection is required in sandy and dusty areas?

A

Blanks and covers always and window transparencies my be required

140
Q

What is done to the air con systems in sandy and dusty conditions?

A

Extra filtration

141
Q

What additional spares must be held due to reduced life?

A

Seals, filters and bearings

142
Q

Where must maintenance activities take place in sandy and dusty conditions?

A

Under cover

143
Q

What chapter outlines where maintenance should take place in sandy and dusty conditions?

A

ATA 5

144
Q

What effect does hot weather have on the aircraft?

A
  • Longer take off + landing distances
  • Slower brake cooling
  • Engine overheating in start-up
145
Q

What does humidity cause?

A

Corrosion

146
Q

What occurs more hot/humid conditions?

A

Fuel tank condensation

147
Q

What do all pins do in AC do?

A
  • 3, big for each phase
  • 4th, for earthing
  • 5 and 6, DC control pins
148
Q

Does scheduled maintenance continue on a parked aircraft?

A

Yes

Part 66 Module 7 (16 decks)

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