Module 7.17 Flashcards
1
Q
Whose decision is final when manoeuvring an aircraft?
A
The person towing or taxiing
2
Q
What is the most common max nose wheel steering angle?
A
+/- 70 degrees
3
Q
If nose wheel steering is not available how may the aircraft be steered?
A
Differential use of the left and right brakes
4
Q
When towing an aircraft from the tail wheel, what must be done?
A
Unlocked the wheel
5
Q
What loads are towbars designed for?
A
Tensile
6
Q
What forces are towbars subjected to?
A
Torsional/twisting loads
7
Q
What prevents excessive loads between tractor and nose gear?
A
Sheer pin
8
Q
What is incorporated into the tow bar to stop a snatching movement transmitted into the aircraft?
A
Shock absorber system
9
Q
What do multi head attachments allow?
A
Operators can swap head to accommodate a variety of aircraft
10
Q
How does a towbar-less tug operate?
A
Lifts the nose wheel of the ground by hydraulic actuators
11
Q
Where are remote control tugs generally seen?
A
On smaller aircraft
12
Q
What are remote control tugs ideal for?
A
Increased parking in hangars as there is no tractor and towbar length added to the aircraft size
13
Q
If towing attachments are not provided how must the bridles be attached?
A
Passed around the legs in a position that avoids fowling pipes or structures
14
Q
How should the aircraft be steering in bridle towing?
A
Via a steering arm attached to the nose wheel
15
Q
If an aircrafts brake system is faulty what must personnel have?
A
Chocks to stop aircraft in an emergency
16
Q
What are the 2 most common aircraft jacks?
A
Tripod and axle jacks
17
Q
What will help the jacking team to tell the aircraft is supported equally?
A
Load gauges
18
Q
What stops the rams from moving in the event of hydraulic failure?
A
Locking collars
19
Q
When lifting or lowering where must the locking collar be?
A
1 inch from the top of the jack
20
Q
When would an axle jack be used?
A
When it is not necessary to lift the whole aircraft
21
Q
What is the purpose of jacking pads?
A
Protect airframe from the jack
22
Q
What do secondary jack points require?
A
Installation of jack pad adapters
23
Q
When is a tie down ring used when jacking light aircraft?
A
2 jacks under wing spars, the ring is used at the tail
24
Q
What must be done to the other axels when jacking at a single point?
A
Sufficiently chock them
25
What should be the first operation when lowering an aircraft?
Raise the locking collars a few turns
26
Why must jack be moved clear immediately once away from jack pads?
In class the Oleos are stuck in the extended position and can bounce the aircraft
27
What is shoring also known as?
Trestling
28
What does shoring do?
Relives the stresses on the aircraft whilst doing maintenance
29
Where are trestles often put during heavy maintenance?
Tail section under major frames
30
Shoring trestles should never be used to what?
Jack the aircraft
31
What are some aircraft equipped with to ensure the aircraft is level during jacking?
Spirit level an/or plumb bob
32
What position is level in an attitude monitor?
D4
33
What are chocks used in addition to?
Aircraft parking brakes
34
What should be done to the chocks prior to refuelling or engine start?
They should be moved out 'eased' to allow for extra weight
35
What chapter would guidance on mooring/securing be found?
ATA 10
36
What determines the direction the aircraft is secured in?
Prevailing wind or forecasted wind direction
37
What are light aircraft secured with?
Ropes through tie down rings
38
Where must the ropes never be tied?
Lift struts
39
How much slack must be given to manila rope?
1 inch
40
What governs the number of tie downs on securing heavy aircraft?
Anticipated weather conditions
41
What must be installed/engaged on heavy aircraft?
Control surface locks
42
If aircraft is parked for a long period in cold conditions what is one thing that must be done?
Drain water systems
43
Where should protection devices be installed on the APU and engines?
Outlet and inlet, sensors and probes
44
What should be done to inform of protection covers/devices?
Tag on captains stick
45
What chapter is parked and storage outlined in?
ATA 10
46
What does the return to service after parking up to 2 days consist of?
- Removal of safety devices and planks
- Reset deactivated systems
- Visual for damage and leaks
47
Does the 2 day inspection procedures still take place on return to service of more than 2 days?
Yes
48
How often should visual inspections take place when storing for extended periods?
7 and 15 day intervals
49
What position must the trimmable horizontal stab be in?
Neutral
50
For long storage what state should fuel tanks be in and why?
Full to prevent micro-biological corrosion
51
Periodically moving the aircraft prevents what?
Bearing brinelling and tyre flattening
52
What can be mixed in with fuel to prevent corrosion?
Inhibitors
53
What period of time must tire pressures be checked?
If aircraft is parked longer than 20 months
54
What intervals are there for checking the aircraft in storage?
- Weekly
- Bi-weekly
- Monthly
55
Moving of the aircraft and checking oleo pressure should be done how often?
Bi-weekly
56
What should be done to the battery when parked for a long periods?
Removed or disconnected
57
What are the 4 checks done on a one month check?
- Opening cargo door and re-grease
- Operate aircon
- Testing avionics
- Test ice protection systems
58
What are the 2 main aviation fuel categories?
- Aviation gasoline
- Turbine fuels
59
How is av gas graded?
Octane number
60
What does a higher number mean in AV Gas?
The higher the number the more resistant to knocking
61
80 AV gas is what colour?
Red
62
100 AV gas is what colour?
Green
63
100LL AV gas is what colour?
Blue
64
All turbine fuels are what colour?
Colourless or light straw
65
What are the 3 types of turbine fuels?
- Jet A
- Jet A-1
- Jet B
66
What are the 2 refuelling methods?
- Gravity/overwing
- Pressure refuelling
67
Where are gravity refuelling points typically located?
Top of the tank i.e. on the wing
68
Where is the receptacle for pressure refuelling?
Leading edge of wing
69
What are the benefits to pressure refuelling?
- Decrease refuel time
- Limits contamination
- Reduce chance of static electricity igniting the fuel
70
How many operatives does pressure refuelling require?
1 person
71
What is the max refuel pressure?
50 psi
72
What is the rate of delivery?
1000 gallons a minute
73
What is the max defuel pressure?
11 psi
74
How can the aircraft be defueled?
- Gravity
- Pressure
75
What does gravity refuelling drain into?
An earthed container
76
76
77
What are the 2 methods of pressure de-fuelling?
Utilise negative pressure or aircraft pumps
78
What can’t be done with fuel drained from an aircraft?
Can NOT be used on another aircraft
79
Why should company procedure be consulted regarding this issue (Fuel not being allowed to be put in another aircraft after being removed from one)?
Some companies may give concession to put the fuel into another one of their aircraft or the same one
80
Static electricity can build up during refuelling but more so in what conditions?
Cold and Dry weather
81
What can a static discharge cause?
A spark
82
What should be done to the aircraft before refuelling?
Grounding, grounding the fuel truck must also be done
83
How may a grounding point be identified?
A placard
84
What does bonding do?
Consistent electricity flow between truck and aircraft, stops sparks
85
What must the safety zones include?
An escape route for the vehicle
86
What occurs when a tank is overfilled?
Fuel spills into the vent tank, each tank has a NACA duct to spill it onto the ground
87
When would fuelling be suspended?
When electrical storms are in the vicinity
88
When would an aircraft be in a cold soak config?
Parked in cold weather with the Outside Air Temp (OAT) of less than 0 degrees c
89
What can occur if the fuel is below 0 and the aircraft is subject to precipitation?
Clear ice can form on the wing, even if OAT is as high as 15 degrees c
90
What temperature range does most airframe icing occur?
0 to -10 degrees c
91
Ice formation is still possible down to what temp?
-40 degrees c
92
What is ice formation also dependant on?
Cloud cover
93
What are some effects of ice on airframes?
- Decrease in lift
- Increase in drag
- Malfunction of instruments
- Loss of control
94
What is de-icing?
Removal of frost, ice, snow from aircraft structures
95
How are de-icing fluids applied?
Heated
96
What is anti-icing?
Procedure that prevents the formation of ice or frost for a limited time
97
What is the time period that anti-icing prevents formation called?
Holdover time
98
What us the one step method for de-icing and anti-icing?
De-icing and anti-icing are mixed together and applied
99
What is the one step methods drawback?
Limited anti-icing protection
100
What is the two step method of de-icing and anti-icing?
De-ice followed by anti-ice
101
What must not replace physical checks for ice?
Electrical or mechanical detectors
102
How should critical surfaces be inspected for ice?
By hand
103
How should engines be pre-heated?
Blower heaters
104
If the aircraft is wet after flight what should be done to the covers?
Apply anti-freeze to the underside of the covers
105
What should be done if the aircraft arrives at the gate with the flap and slats not fully retracted?
Inspected and de-iced if necessary
106
Type 1 fluids are considered what?
Unthickened
107
Type 2 fluids are used for what aircraft and why?
Large aircraft, won't flow off until 100 knots
108
When are type 3 fluids used?
Rotation speed of less than 100 knots
109
What is a benefit to type 4 fluids?
Larger holdover time than type 2
110
How are de-icing fluids applied?
Heated through a high pressure spray system
111
How is anti-icing fluid applied?
Sprayed on cold
112
How quick after de-icing must anti-icing be applied?
Within 3 minutes
113
What can be added to anti-icing fluid to vary holdover time?
Water
114
What are the typical spray areas for anti-icing?
Top surfaces (fore to aft and outboard to inboard)
115
What areas must be avoided for anti-icing?
Brakes and wheelsWhat can affect holdover time?
116
AEA type 2 / 75 / 16.43 local
1 2 3
1 - Type of fluid
2 - 75% fluid, 25% water
3 - Time of start of application
117
What is the DC supply of an aircraft?
28V
118
How many pins does a DC supply plug have?
3
119
What does each pin do on a DC connecter?
One negative
One positive
One earth
120
What is the SC supply for the aircraft?
115V AC, 400Hz, 3 phase
121
How should the GPU be parked?
Lead is extended full length out, not stretched
122
How many pins does an AC plug have?
6 pins
123
When are engine driven GPU's useful?
Non-operational APU
124
How many aircraft turn arounds can a battery powered GPU do?
10 - 12
125
What is a utility GPU?
It takes standard grid electric and converts it to aircraft compatible electric
126
What must the hydraulic test rig supply?
Same pressure and low rate as aircraft
127
What couplings are used to connect to the aircraft?
Quick disconnect
128
What may the rig require before use?
Bleeding of air
129
What should be done after using the test rig?
Check reservoir levels (rig and aircraft)
130
What psi do pneumatic ground systems provide?
Up to 50 psi
131
What do pneumatic ground systems do?
Can be used to start engines and heat and cool aircraft
132
What does the can't consist of?
An APU
133
What should be done to an aircraft exposed to extreme cold for any length of time?
Fit covers to prevent snow build up
134
What should small tags be marked with so they are taken off?
Markers/tags i.e. remove before flight
134
Why would glycol be painted around doors or panels?
To prevent freezing shut
135
When should painting with glycol not be done and why?
If snow is expected because it causes slush
136
To save time what can wheels be parked on?
Planks or sand
137
Flaps slats and THS should be in what position?
Neutral
138
What temp of air to heat external skin is safe?
<100 degrees c
139
What additional protection is required in sandy and dusty areas?
Blanks and covers always and window transparencies my be required
140
What is done to the air con systems in sandy and dusty conditions?
Extra filtration
141
What additional spares must be held due to reduced life?
Seals, filters and bearings
142
Where must maintenance activities take place in sandy and dusty conditions?
Under cover
143
What chapter outlines where maintenance should take place in sandy and dusty conditions?
ATA 5
144
What effect does hot weather have on the aircraft?
- Longer take off + landing distances
- Slower brake cooling
- Engine overheating in start-up
145
What does humidity cause?
Corrosion
146
What occurs more hot/humid conditions?
Fuel tank condensation
147
What do all pins do in AC do?
- 3, big for each phase
- 4th, for earthing
- 5 and 6, DC control pins
148
Does scheduled maintenance continue on a parked aircraft?
Yes
