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HISTOLOGY > MODULE 7 : SPECIAL SENSES (book based) > Flashcards

MODULE 7 : SPECIAL SENSES (book based) Flashcards

0
Q

Anterior part of the sclera through which light rays enter the eye

A

CORNEA

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1
Q

Maintains rigidity of eyeball. “White” part of the eye

A

SCLERA

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2
Q

L.E. of cornea

A

SSKE

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3
Q

Three components of vascular layer

A

CHOROID, CILIARY BODY, IRIS

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4
Q

Densely pigmented layer. Contains numerous melanocytes which gives its distinct black color and blocks the light from entering except through the pupil

A

CHOROID

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5
Q

Contains the ciliary process and ciliary muscles

A

CILIARY BODY

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6
Q

Colored portion of the eye

A

IRIS

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7
Q

Innermost of the most posterior part of the eye

A

IRIS

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8
Q

Anterior region wherein the retina terminates. The non-photosensitive part of the retina.

A

ORA SERRATA

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9
Q

Soace located between the cornea, iris, and lens

A

ANTERIOR CHAMBER

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10
Q

Space situated between iris, cilary process, zonular fibers and lens

A

POSTERIOR CHAMBER

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11
Q

Posterior space behind the lens and zonular fibers. Surrounded by the retina

A

VITREOUS CHAMBER

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12
Q

Watery fluid produced by ciliary process

A

AQUEOUS HUMOR

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13
Q

Gelatinous substance produced which fills vitreous chamber

A

VITREOUS BODY

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14
Q

L.E. of external eyelid (epidermis)

A

SSE

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15
Q

L.E. and L.P. of palpebral conjunctiva (interior eyelid)

A

L.E. : low strat. columnar with goblet cells

L.P. : elastic & collagen fibers

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16
Q

A specialized sebaceous gland found in the tarsal of the internal eyelid

A

MEIBOMIAN GLANDS

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17
Q

Its secretion forms an oily layer that prevents evaporation of normal tear layer

A

TARSAL GLANDS

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18
Q

L.E. of Cornea

A

SSNKE

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19
Q

Corneal endothelium. Posterior surface of cornea

A

POSTERIOR EPITHELIUM

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20
Q

Junction between cornea and sclera (anterior region)

A

LIMBUS

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21
Q

Area of greatest visual acuity in the eye. A small, yellow pigmented spot seen in opthalmoscope

A

MACULA LUTEA

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22
Q

A shallow central depression which is devoid of rods and blood vessels. Has the highest concentration of cone cells.

A

FOVEA

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23
Q

“Blind spot” of the eye. The region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.

A

OPTIC PAPILLA

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24
Q

Characteristics of Sclera

A
  • AVASCULAR
  • TOUGH DCT
  • FLAT TYPE I COLLAGEN FIBERS
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25
Q

Characteristics of cornea

A
  • COLORLESS
  • TRANSPARENT
  • COMPLETELY AVASCULAR
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26
Q

A clinical process where the cornea’s shaped is changed to improve focus and vision

A

LASIK SURGERY (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)

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27
Q

Receives aqueous humor

A

SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS (Canal of Schlemm)

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28
Q

It allows the slow, continuous drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior cavity

A

TRABECULAR MESHWORK

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29
Q

Outer part of the choroid that is bound to sclera

A

SUPRACHOROIDAL LAMINA

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30
Q

Inner region of the choroid which is rich in microvasculature

A

CHORIOCAPILLARY LAMINA

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31
Q

A hyaline sheath which separates choriocapillary lamina from retina

A

BRUCH’S MEMBRANE

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32
Q

A condition where the drainage of the aqueous humor is impeded that results to an increase in intraocular pressure which affects the visual function that can lead to neuropathy

A

GLAUCOMA

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33
Q

Smooth muscle bundle in a circular array near the pupillary margin

A

SPHINCTER PUPILLAE MUSCLE (iris)

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34
Q

Composed of proteoglycans and Type IV collagen which serves as the attachment for zonular fibers

A

LENS CAPSULE

35
Q

A process which permits focusing on near & far objects by changing the curvature of lens

A

ACCOMMODATION

36
Q

Impairing of vision when areas of the lens become opaque or cloudy

A

CATARACT

37
Q

Inner part of the retina which contains neurons and photoreceptors

A

NEURAL RETINA

38
Q

Outer part of the retina which serves as an importany blood-retina barrier

A

PIGMENTED MEMBRANE

39
Q

Produced by rod cells which is bleached by light and initiates visual stimulus

A

RHODOPSIN

40
Q

Prduced by cone cells which has the maximal sensitivity to red, green and blue regions of the spectrum

A

IODOPSIN

41
Q

Involves a cascade of changes in a cell when light hits & activates the retina

A

PHOTOTRANSDUCTION

42
Q

An area of the retina where all of the layers of the retina are present

A

MACULA LUTEA

43
Q

Caused by blindness in the center of visual field

A

AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

44
Q

Covers the exposed anterior portion of the sclera.

A

CONJUNCTIVA

45
Q

L.E. and L.P. of conjunctiva

A

L.E. : STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITH.

L.P. : LOOSE VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

46
Q

Striated muscle found in the internal eyelid

A

ORBICULARIS OCULI

47
Q

A fibroelastic tissue which provides structural support for the eyelid

A

TARSUS

48
Q

An infection usually caused by S. Aureus near the opening of the tarsal ducts

A

STYES

49
Q

Gland type (characteristic) of Lacrimal Glands

A

TUBULO ALVEOLAR ACINI

50
Q

Part of the ear which receives sound waves

A

EXTERNAL EAR

51
Q

Part of the ear which converets Sound waves from fluid to nerve impulses (via acoustic nerve) to the CNS

A

INTERNAL EAR

52
Q

Irregular, funnel shape composed of hyaline cartilage which directs sound waves into the ear

A

AURICLE / PINNA

53
Q

L.E. External Acoustic Meatus

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

54
Q

Modified apocrine sweat glands found in the submucosa of ext. acoustic meatus

A

CERUMINOUS GLAND

55
Q

An irregular part of the middle ear which is located between the tympanic membrane and the bony inner ear

A

TYMPANIC CAVITY

56
Q

L.E. of Tympanic Cavity

A

L.E. : SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITH.

57
Q

Tympanic Cavity is connected anteriorly to the pharynx via what structure?

A

EUSTACHIAN / PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE

58
Q

Tympanic Cavity is connected posteriorly to what structure?

A

MASTOID CAVITY OF TEMPORAL BONE

59
Q

Series of 3 small bones which connects the tympanic membrane to the oval window. Functions for mechanical vibration of sound

A

AUDITORY OSSICLES

60
Q

3 bones of auditory ossicles

A

MALLEUS - “hammer”
INCUS - “anvil”
STAPES - “stirrup”

61
Q

A part of membranous labyrinth which functions as for the sense of equilibrium

A

VESTIBULAR EQUILIBRIUM

62
Q

A part of membranous labyrinth which functions for hearing

A

COCHLEAR LABYRINTH

63
Q

Large areas of columnar sensory mechanoreceptors found in the internal ear

A

HAIR CELLS

64
Q

Surrounds the cell bodies and processes of acoustic branch of CN VIII int he large spiral/cochlear ganglion

A

MODIOLUS

65
Q

Fills the bony labyrinth

A

PERILYMPH

66
Q

Fills the membranous labyrinth produced by stria vascularis

A

ENDOLYMPH

67
Q

Type of hair cell with round basal ends surrounded by afferent terminal calyx

A

TYPE I HAIR CELLS

68
Q

Type of hair cells with cylindrical and bouton endings

A

TYPE II HAIR CELLS

69
Q

Composed of cadherin proteins which connects the tips of the stereocilia in hair cells

A

TIP LINKS

70
Q

Type of hair cells which function for the angular movements of the head

A

CRISTAE AMPULLARES

71
Q

Type of hair cells which function for the linear acceleration, gravity and tilt of the head

A

MACULAE OF THE SACCULES

72
Q

Occurs when there is a problem in the vestibular system

A

VERTIGO

73
Q

Opening at the apex of cochlea which functions for communication

A

HELICOTREMA

74
Q

Separates cochlear duct from scala tympani

A

SPIRAL ORGAN OF CORTI

75
Q

An area in the spiral organ of corti where tips of tallest stereocilia of outer hair cells are embedded

A

TENTORIAL MEMBRANE

76
Q

A triangular shaped space between outer hair cells and inner hair cells

A

PILLAR CELLS

77
Q

Directly supports both outer hair cells and inner hair cells in the spiral organ on corti

A

PHALANGEAL CELLS

78
Q

A type of sound which conducts nearly only up to the end of cochlea, near helicotrema

A

LOW FREQUENCY SOUNDS

79
Q

A type of sound which sound waves reach close to the oval window

A

HIGH FREQUENCY SOUNDS

80
Q

A type of sound which sound waves displace spiral organ somewhere between the extremes

A

INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCIES

81
Q

Type of deafness caused by problems usually int he middle ear which results to a lower conduction of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

A

CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS

82
Q

A type of conductive hearing loss where there is a scar-like lesion in the body labyrinth near the stapes which inhibits its movement to the oval window

A

OTOSCLEROSIS

83
Q

A type of conductive hearing loss commonly seen in young children which arises from upper respiratory tract infection and can reduce sound conduction due to fluid accumulation in that cavity

A

OTITIS MEDIA

84
Q

Deafness which is congenital or acquired due to defects in any structure/cell (usually from cochlea to the auditory center in the brain)

A

SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS

HISTOLOGY (7 decks)

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