MODULE 7 : SPECIAL SENSES (book based) Flashcards
Anterior part of the sclera through which light rays enter the eye
CORNEA
Maintains rigidity of eyeball. “White” part of the eye
SCLERA
L.E. of cornea
SSKE
Three components of vascular layer
CHOROID, CILIARY BODY, IRIS
Densely pigmented layer. Contains numerous melanocytes which gives its distinct black color and blocks the light from entering except through the pupil
CHOROID
Contains the ciliary process and ciliary muscles
CILIARY BODY
Colored portion of the eye
IRIS
Innermost of the most posterior part of the eye
IRIS
Anterior region wherein the retina terminates. The non-photosensitive part of the retina.
ORA SERRATA
Soace located between the cornea, iris, and lens
ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Space situated between iris, cilary process, zonular fibers and lens
POSTERIOR CHAMBER
Posterior space behind the lens and zonular fibers. Surrounded by the retina
VITREOUS CHAMBER
Watery fluid produced by ciliary process
AQUEOUS HUMOR
Gelatinous substance produced which fills vitreous chamber
VITREOUS BODY
L.E. of external eyelid (epidermis)
SSE
L.E. and L.P. of palpebral conjunctiva (interior eyelid)
L.E. : low strat. columnar with goblet cells
L.P. : elastic & collagen fibers
A specialized sebaceous gland found in the tarsal of the internal eyelid
MEIBOMIAN GLANDS
Its secretion forms an oily layer that prevents evaporation of normal tear layer
TARSAL GLANDS
L.E. of Cornea
SSNKE
Corneal endothelium. Posterior surface of cornea
POSTERIOR EPITHELIUM
Junction between cornea and sclera (anterior region)
LIMBUS
Area of greatest visual acuity in the eye. A small, yellow pigmented spot seen in opthalmoscope
MACULA LUTEA
A shallow central depression which is devoid of rods and blood vessels. Has the highest concentration of cone cells.
FOVEA
“Blind spot” of the eye. The region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball.
OPTIC PAPILLA
Characteristics of Sclera
- AVASCULAR
- TOUGH DCT
- FLAT TYPE I COLLAGEN FIBERS
Characteristics of cornea
- COLORLESS
- TRANSPARENT
- COMPLETELY AVASCULAR
A clinical process where the cornea’s shaped is changed to improve focus and vision
LASIK SURGERY (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
Receives aqueous humor
SCLERAL VENOUS SINUS (Canal of Schlemm)
It allows the slow, continuous drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior cavity
TRABECULAR MESHWORK
Outer part of the choroid that is bound to sclera
SUPRACHOROIDAL LAMINA
Inner region of the choroid which is rich in microvasculature
CHORIOCAPILLARY LAMINA
A hyaline sheath which separates choriocapillary lamina from retina
BRUCH’S MEMBRANE
A condition where the drainage of the aqueous humor is impeded that results to an increase in intraocular pressure which affects the visual function that can lead to neuropathy
GLAUCOMA
Smooth muscle bundle in a circular array near the pupillary margin
SPHINCTER PUPILLAE MUSCLE (iris)
Composed of proteoglycans and Type IV collagen which serves as the attachment for zonular fibers
LENS CAPSULE
A process which permits focusing on near & far objects by changing the curvature of lens
ACCOMMODATION
Impairing of vision when areas of the lens become opaque or cloudy
CATARACT
Inner part of the retina which contains neurons and photoreceptors
NEURAL RETINA
Outer part of the retina which serves as an importany blood-retina barrier
PIGMENTED MEMBRANE
Produced by rod cells which is bleached by light and initiates visual stimulus
RHODOPSIN
Prduced by cone cells which has the maximal sensitivity to red, green and blue regions of the spectrum
IODOPSIN
Involves a cascade of changes in a cell when light hits & activates the retina
PHOTOTRANSDUCTION
An area of the retina where all of the layers of the retina are present
MACULA LUTEA
Caused by blindness in the center of visual field
AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Covers the exposed anterior portion of the sclera.
CONJUNCTIVA
L.E. and L.P. of conjunctiva
L.E. : STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITH.
L.P. : LOOSE VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Striated muscle found in the internal eyelid
ORBICULARIS OCULI
A fibroelastic tissue which provides structural support for the eyelid
TARSUS
An infection usually caused by S. Aureus near the opening of the tarsal ducts
STYES
Gland type (characteristic) of Lacrimal Glands
TUBULO ALVEOLAR ACINI
Part of the ear which receives sound waves
EXTERNAL EAR
Part of the ear which converets Sound waves from fluid to nerve impulses (via acoustic nerve) to the CNS
INTERNAL EAR
Irregular, funnel shape composed of hyaline cartilage which directs sound waves into the ear
AURICLE / PINNA
L.E. External Acoustic Meatus
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Modified apocrine sweat glands found in the submucosa of ext. acoustic meatus
CERUMINOUS GLAND
An irregular part of the middle ear which is located between the tympanic membrane and the bony inner ear
TYMPANIC CAVITY
L.E. of Tympanic Cavity
L.E. : SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITH.
Tympanic Cavity is connected anteriorly to the pharynx via what structure?
EUSTACHIAN / PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE
Tympanic Cavity is connected posteriorly to what structure?
MASTOID CAVITY OF TEMPORAL BONE
Series of 3 small bones which connects the tympanic membrane to the oval window. Functions for mechanical vibration of sound
AUDITORY OSSICLES
3 bones of auditory ossicles
MALLEUS - “hammer”
INCUS - “anvil”
STAPES - “stirrup”
A part of membranous labyrinth which functions as for the sense of equilibrium
VESTIBULAR EQUILIBRIUM
A part of membranous labyrinth which functions for hearing
COCHLEAR LABYRINTH
Large areas of columnar sensory mechanoreceptors found in the internal ear
HAIR CELLS
Surrounds the cell bodies and processes of acoustic branch of CN VIII int he large spiral/cochlear ganglion
MODIOLUS
Fills the bony labyrinth
PERILYMPH
Fills the membranous labyrinth produced by stria vascularis
ENDOLYMPH
Type of hair cell with round basal ends surrounded by afferent terminal calyx
TYPE I HAIR CELLS
Type of hair cells with cylindrical and bouton endings
TYPE II HAIR CELLS
Composed of cadherin proteins which connects the tips of the stereocilia in hair cells
TIP LINKS
Type of hair cells which function for the angular movements of the head
CRISTAE AMPULLARES
Type of hair cells which function for the linear acceleration, gravity and tilt of the head
MACULAE OF THE SACCULES
Occurs when there is a problem in the vestibular system
VERTIGO
Opening at the apex of cochlea which functions for communication
HELICOTREMA
Separates cochlear duct from scala tympani
SPIRAL ORGAN OF CORTI
An area in the spiral organ of corti where tips of tallest stereocilia of outer hair cells are embedded
TENTORIAL MEMBRANE
A triangular shaped space between outer hair cells and inner hair cells
PILLAR CELLS
Directly supports both outer hair cells and inner hair cells in the spiral organ on corti
PHALANGEAL CELLS
A type of sound which conducts nearly only up to the end of cochlea, near helicotrema
LOW FREQUENCY SOUNDS
A type of sound which sound waves reach close to the oval window
HIGH FREQUENCY SOUNDS
A type of sound which sound waves displace spiral organ somewhere between the extremes
INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCIES
Type of deafness caused by problems usually int he middle ear which results to a lower conduction of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
A type of conductive hearing loss where there is a scar-like lesion in the body labyrinth near the stapes which inhibits its movement to the oval window
OTOSCLEROSIS
A type of conductive hearing loss commonly seen in young children which arises from upper respiratory tract infection and can reduce sound conduction due to fluid accumulation in that cavity
OTITIS MEDIA
Deafness which is congenital or acquired due to defects in any structure/cell (usually from cochlea to the auditory center in the brain)
SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS
