MODULE 1 : CYTOLOGY Flashcards
A part of slide preparation in which to obtain a rigid consistency of the specimen for sectioning
EMBEDDING
A part of Slide preparation to preserve tissue morphology and architecture and prevent cell digestion
FIXATION
A part of slide preparation which uses lipid solvent like Benzene or Xylene to remove Alcohol
CLEARING
Part of Slide preparation where the tissue is cut for light microscopy or electron microscopy using a microtone
SECTIONING
A common type of basic dye used for staining
HEMATOXYLIN
BLUE : nucleus; acidic regions of cytoplasm; cartilage matrix
A common type of acidic dye used for staining
EOSIN
PINK : basic regions of cytoplasm; collagen fibers
Contains the DNA that encodes the instructions for synthesis of all proteins and enzymes of the cell
NUCLEUS
Contains the organelles and inclusions suspended in a fluid medium called CYTOSOL / Principal site of metabolic functions of the cell
CYTOPLASM
- metabolically active
- internal cellular organs w/ specific funtions
- essential
- membrane bound
ORGANELLES (compare with INCLUSIONS)
- metabolically inert
- accumulation of cell products
- dispensable
- not bounded by a membrane
INCLUSIONS (compare with ORGANELLES)
Composed of phospholipids and proteins
CELL MEMBRANE
Found in the OUTER and INNER SURFACE of cell
HYDROPHILIC head portion of lipid (plasma membrane)
found in the MIDDLE portion of plasma membrane
HYDROPHOBIC tail portion of lipid
A type of membrane protein which spans the entire width of plasma membrane
INTRINSIC PROTEIN
A type of membrane protein which is found in inner or outer surface
EXTRINSIC PROTEIN
Carbohydrate chains attached to proteins and/or phospholipid molecules in outer leaflet. Functions for :
- cell recognition
- intercellular adhesion
- Mechanical and Chemical protection for cell membrane
GLYCOCALYX
Largest organ of the cell and contains the genetic material of the organism
NUCLEUS
Sequence of three nucleotides that encode a specific amino acid
TRIPLET or CODON
A sequence which provides the information for the synthesis of a particular protein
GENE
Discrete bodies containing condensed and tightly coiled chromatin. Found in dividing cells
CHROMOSOMES
Inactive chromatin in a condensed state
HETEROCHROMATIN
Active chromatin
EUCHROMATIN
Site of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
NUCLEOLUS
- synthesis of protein for export from cell
- synthesis of integral protein of the plasma membrane
ROUGH ER
- involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and other lipids
- plays a role in the detox and metab of lipid soluble drugs and alcohol
SMOOTH ER
Involves in packaging, concentrating sorting and membrane synthesis and membrane recycling
GOLGI APPARATUS
Its principal biochemical activity is oxidative phosphorylation which provides energy for the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
Digestive organelle of the cell
LYSOSOME
Contains oxidative enzymes and catalase involved ind etoxification of alcohol, uric acid and toxic drugs
PEROXISOME or MICROBODIES
Provides structural support and movement for the plasma membrane and cellular organelles.
CYTOSKELETON
Interact with myosin for muscular contraction
MICROFILAMENT
Serves as tracts for transport of vesicles and organelles, movement of chromosomes during mitosis
MICROTUBULES
