Module 7: Section III Quiz

Question 1

HD is the abbreviation for:

Answer 1

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter blood and then return the dialyzed blood to the patient’s bloodstream.

Question 2

The abbreviation GFR stands for:

Answer 2

Glomerular filtration rate

GFR is a kidney function test that measures how much blood passes through the glomeruli of the kidney each minute. In clinical practice, creatinine clearance is used to measure GFR.

Question 3

The abbreviation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is:

Answer 3

ESWL

Lithotripsy (litho/o = stone; -tripsy = to crush) is a procedure that crushes urinary tract stones. The extracorporeal method uses shock waves directed toward the stone from outside the body (extra- = outside; corpor/o = body). Once the stone is crushed, it can pass from the body in urine.

Question 4

The creation of an artificial opening into the bladder is called a(n) ______stomy.

Answer 4

Cysto

A cystostomy is an invasive procedure that creates an opening in the urinary bladder so that a catheter can be placed into the bladder for drainage.

Question 5

A ________lithotomy is the incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.

Answer 5

Pyelo

Surgery is required to remove a large stone from the renal pelvis; pyel/o = renal pelvis; lith/o = stone; -tomy = surgical incision.

Question 6

A ___________, which is abbreviated ____, is an x-ray taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine.

Answer 6

Voiding cystourethrogram, VCUG

The voiding cystourethrogram can reveal abnormalities of the bladder. In this procedure, the bladder is filled with contrast material and radiographs are made of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine.

Question 7

The test that measures the amount of urea in the blood is called:

Answer 7

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test measures urea levels in the blood. With kidney disease or failure, urea accumulates in the blood (uremia), which can lead to death if levels become high enough.

Question 8

A(n) ___, the abbreviation for ____________, is an x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys.

Answer 8

KUB; kidneys, ureters, bladder

A KUB is an x-ray examination, without contrast medium, of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. A KUB study shows the size and location of the kidneys in relation to other organs. A KUB is also called a urogram.

Question 9

The test that measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood is called:

Answer 9

Creatinine clearance

This one is easy if you think of removing creatinine as clearing it out. The creatinine clearance test compares the creatinine concentration in a blood sample with the amount the patient excretes in urine over 24 hours. If the amount of creatinine in the blood is high relative to the amount in the urine, the kidneys are not doing their job to clear creatinine out of the blood.

Question 10

Which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream because the kidneys are no longer able to do so?

Answer 10

Dialysis

Dialysis is the process of separating nitrogenous waste out of the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function properly. There are two kinds of dialysis. Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter blood and then return the dialyzed blood to the patient’s bloodstream. Peritoneal dialysis uses a peritoneal catheter to put a special fluid into the abdomen. Waste products pass into the fluid from the bloodstream and are then drained from the body.

Question 11

Renal transplantation is the:

Answer 11

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Renal transplantation, commonly referred to as a kidney transplant, is for patients with renal failure. The best results occur when the donor is closely related to the recipient.

Question 12

Radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney is called:

Answer 12

Renal angiography

The radiographic examination (-graphy) of the blood vessels (angi/o) of the kidney (renal) is renal angiography. This diagnostic procedure uses a contrast agent.

Question 13

Which is the diagnostic procedure that involves the introduction of a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up into the bladder?

Answer 13

Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is the direct visualization (-scopy) of the urinary bladder (cyst/o) and tract by means of a cystoscope that is introduced into the urinary meatus, through the urethra, and into the bladder. The bladder mucosa can be examined for tumors, calculi, or inflammation.

Question 14

The diagnostic imaging procedure for the kidney that is enhanced by the injection of radioactive substance into the bloodstream is:

Answer 14

A radioisotope scan

Question 15

The abbreviation for the radiographic imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after the injection of contrast into the ureters through the bladder is:

Answer 15

RP

A retrograde pyelogram (RP) is x-ray (radiographic) imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast material is injected through a catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

Question 16

CAPD stands for:

Answer 16

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a type of peritoneal dialysis that can be performed continuously by the patient without mechanical support. Ambulatory refers to the patient’s being able to walk around during dialysis.

Question 17

With this imaging procedure, a cylinder-shaped machine produces an image using a changing magnetic field to capture the movement of protons within the body.

Answer 17

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

During a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure, a patient lies within a cylindrical magnetic resonance machine that uses a changing magnetic field to capture the movement of protons within the body, producing images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body.

Question 18

What medical term means the process of crushing stones?

Answer 18

Lithotripsy

Lithotripsy is the process of crushing (-tripsy) kidney stones (lith/o), or calculi.

Question 19

Which surgical procedure is performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?

Answer 19

Renal angioplasty

Renal angioplasty is the surgical repair (-plasty) of renal arteries (angi/o = vessel). A balloon attached to a catheter is inserted into the artery and then inflated to enlarge the vessel diameter. Stents may then be used to keep the vessel open.

Question 20

If a patient requires short-term drainage of urine, she would undergo which procedure?

Answer 20

Urinary catheterization

Catheters are used primarily for short- or long-term urine drainage. During urinary catheterization, a catheter is inserted through the urethra and into the urinary bladder.

Question 21

Creatinine clearance is used to stage the extent of which disease?

Answer 21

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Chronic kidney disease (the final phase of chronic renal failure [CRF]) is classified according to the level of creatinine clearance. Creatinine clearance is a measure of how efficiently the kidneys are working.

Question 22

Why would the surgeon create an arteriovenous fistula?

Answer 22

to aid hemodialysis

Through anastomosis of an artery and vein, the surgeon creates an arteriovenous fistula, often in the patient’s arm, for easier access during HD (hemodialysis).